Note: List of entries is preliminary and may change prior to publication.

Emma Roberts c.1793[-]1840

Travel Writing

Oriental Scenes, Sketches and Tales, 1832

Scenes and Characteristics of Hindostan, with Sketches of Anglo-Indian Society, 1835

Views in India, China, and on the Shores of the Red Sea: Drawn by Prout, Stanfield, Cattermole, Purser, Cox, Austen, &c. from Original Sketches by Commander Robert Elliott. With Descriptions by Emma Roberts, 2 vols, 1835

Views in India, Chiefly among the Himalaya Mountains, by George Francis White, edited by Emma Roberts, 1838

The East India Voyager, or Ten Minutes Advice to the Outward Bound, 1839

Notes of an Overland Journey through France and Egypt to Bombay, 1841

Hindostan, its Landscapes, Palaces, Temples, Tombs: The Shores of the Red Sea; and the Sublime and Romantic Scenery of the Himalaya Mountains, 2 vols, 1845[-]47

Further Reading

Dyson, Ketaki Kushari, A Various Universe: A Study of the Journals and Memoirs of

British Men and Women in the Indian Subcontinent, 1765[-]1856, Delhi and New York: Oxford University Press, 1978

Rocky Mountains

Travel Writing

Anderson, William Marshall, The Rocky Mountain Journals of William Marshall Anderson: The West in 1834, edited by Dale L. Morgan and Eleanor Towles Harris, 1967

Baillie-Grohman, William A., Camps in the Rockies: Being a Narrative of Life on the Frontier, and Sport in the Rocky Mountains, with an Account of the Cattle Ranches of the West, 1882

Beckwourth, James P., The Life and Adventures of James P. Beckwourth, Mountaineer, Scout, and Pioneer, and Chief of the Crow Nation of Indians; written from dictation by T.D. Bonner, 1856; reprinted, 1969

Biddle, Nicholas, History of the Expedition Under the Command of Captains Lewis and Clark, 2 vols, 1814; reprinted, 3 vols, 1973

Bird, Isabella L., A Lady’s Life in the Rocky Mountains, 1879

Blakiston, Thomas W., Report of the Exploration of Two Passes Through the Rocky Mountains in 1858, 1859

Bowles, Samuel, Across the Continent: A Summer’s Journey to the Rocky Mountains, the Mormons, and the Pacific States, 1865

Brackenridge, H.M., Views of Louisiana; together with a Journal of a Voyage Up the Missouri River, in 1811, 1814; facsimile, 1962

Brewer, William H., Rocky Mountain Letters, 1869, 1930 (A Journal of an Early Geological Expedition to the Colorado Rockies, edited and annotated by Edmund B. Rogers)

Burpee, Lawrence J., Among the Canadian Alps, 1914

Chittenden, Hiram Martin, The Yellowstone National Park: Historical and Descriptive, 1895

Cooper, Courtney Ryley, High Country: The Rockies Yesterday and Today, 1926

De Smet, Pierre-Jean, Oregon Missions and Travels Over the Rocky Mountains in 1845-46, 1847

Ferris, Warren Angus, Life in the Rocky Mountains: A Diary of Wanderings on the sources of the Rivers Missouri, Columbia and Colerado from February, 1830, to November, 1835, 1940

Franchère, Gabriel, Relation d’un Voyage à la Côte du Nord-ouest de l’Amérique Septentrionale, dans les Années 1810, 11, 12, 13, et 14, 1820; as Narrative of a Voyage to the Northwest Coast of America, translated by J.V. Huntington, 1854; as A Voyage to the N.C. of A., edited by Milo Milton Quaife, 1954

Freeman, Lewis R, On the Roof of the Rockies: The Great Columbia Icefield of the Canadian Rockies, 1925

Frémont, John Charles, Report of the Exploring Expedition to the Rocky Mountains in the Year 1842, and to Oregon and North California in the Years 1843-44, 1845

Gilpin, William, The Central Gold Region. The Grain, Pastoral, and Gold Regions of North America, 1860

Graham, Stephen, Tramping with a Poet in the Rockies, 1922

Green, William Spotswood, Among the Selkirk Glaciers: Being the Account of a Rough Survey in the Rocky Mountain Regions of British Columbia, 1890

Grinnell, George Bird, Trails of the Pathfinders, 1911

Hector, James, On the Physical Features of the Central Part of British North America: And On Its Capabilities for Settlement, 1861

Hornaday, William, Camp-Fires in the Canadian Rockies, 1905

Ingersoll, Ernest, The Crest of the Continent, 1885; facsimile, 1969

Ingersoll, Ernest, Knocking Round the Rockies, 1883; reprinted, 1994

Irving, Washington, Astoria; or, Anecdotes of an Enterprise beyond the Rocky Mountains, 2 vols, 1836

Irving, Washington, The Rocky Mountains, or Scenes, Incidents and Adventures in the Far West, 1837; later editions as The Adventures of Captain Bonneville, U.S.A., in the Rocky Mountains and the Far West

Kane, Paul, Wanderings of an artist among the Indians of North America: from Canada to Vancouver’s Island and Oregon, through the Hudson’s Bay Company’s territory and back again, 1859

Larpenteur, Charles, Forty Years a Fur Trader on the Upper Missouri: The Personal Narrative of Charles Larpenteur, 1833[-]1872, 2 vols, 1898

Mackenzie, Alexander, Voyages from Montreal, 1801

Mills, Enos A., The Spell of the Rockies, 1911

Milton, William Fitzwilliam Viscount and W.B. Cheadle, An Expedition Across the Rocky Mountains into British Columbia By the Yellow Head or Leather Pass, 1865

Muir, John, Our National Parks, 1901

Muir, John, Steep Trails, 1918

Palliser, John, Solitary Rambles and Adventures of a Hunter in the Prairies, 1853; as The Solitary Hunter; or, Sporting Adventures in the Prairies, 1857

Palliser, John, The Papers of the Palliser Expedition, 1857[-]1860, edited by Irene M. Spry, 1968

Parkman, Francis, The California and Oregon Trail: Being Sketches of Prairie and Rocky Mountain Life, 1849

Preuss, Charles, Exploring with Frémont: The Private Diaries of Charles Preuss, Cartographer for John C. Frémont on His First, Second and Fourth Expeditions to the Far West, translated and edited by Erwin G. and Elizabeth K. Gudde, 1958

Schäffer, Mary T.S., Old Indian Trails, 1911

Seymour, Silas, A Reminiscence of the Union Pacific Railroad: Containing Some Account of the Discovery of the Eastern Base of the Rocky Mountains and of the Great Indian Battle of July 11, 1867, 1873

Shields, G.O., Rustlings in the Rockies: Hunting and Fishing by Mountain and Stream, 1883; also as Hunting in the Great West

Simpson, Sir George, Narrative of a Journey Round the World, during the Years 1841 and 1842, 1847

St. John, Molyneux, The Sea of Mountains: An Account of Lord Dufferin’s Tour Through British Columbia in 1876, 2 vols, 1877

Thompson, David, David Thompson’s Narrative of His Explorations in Western America, 1784-1812, 1916

Tierney, Luke and William B. Parsons et al., Pike’s Peak Gold Rush Guidebooks of 1859, edited by Le Roy R. Hafen, 1941

Twain, Mark, Roughing It, 1872

Victor, Frances F., Eleven Years in the Rocky Mountains and Life on the Frontier, 1877

Villard, Henry, The Past and Present of the Pike’s Peak Gold Regions, 1860; reprinted, 1932

Wilcox, Walter Dwight, Camping in the Canadian Rockies: An Account of Camp Life in the Wilder Parts of the Canadian Rocky Mountains, Together with a Description of the region about Banff, Lake Louise, and Glacier, and a Sketch of the Early Explorations, 1896

Wyeth, John B., Oregon; or a Short History of a Long Journey from the Atlantic Ocean to the Region of the Pacific by Land, 1833

Wyeth, Nathaniel J., The Correspondence and Journals of Captain Nathaniel J. Wyeth, edited by F.G. Young, 1899; reprinted, 1973

Wyndham-Quin, Windham Thomas, Earl of Dunraven, Canadian Nights: Being Sketches and Reminiscences of Life and Sport in the Rockies, the Prairies, and the Canadian Woods, 1914

Wyndham-Quin, Windham Thomas, Earl of Dunraven, Hunting in the Yellowstone, edited by Horace Kephart, 1917

Further Reading

Cronon, William (editor), Uncommon Ground: Rethinking the Human Place in Nature, New York: Norton, 1995

Dempsey, Hugh A. (editor), The CPR West: The Iron Road and the Making of a Nation, Vancouver: Douglas and McIntyre, 1984

Marty, Sid, Men for the Mountains, Toronto: McClelland and Stewart, 1978; New York: Vanguard Press, 1979

McLaren, I.S. “Cultured Wilderness in Jasper National Park”, Journal of Canadian Studies/Revue d’études canadiennes, 34/3 (Fall 1999): 7[-]58

Milner, Clyde A. II et al. (editors), A New Significance: Re-Envisioning the History of the American West, New York: Oxford University Press, 1996

Sellars, Richard West, Preserving Nature in the National Parks: A History, New Haven, Connecticut: Yale University Press, 1997

Thomas Roe 1581[-]1644

Travel Writing

Apart from Roe’s journal of his mission to Moghul India, his travel writing is contained in his ambassadorial despatches, reports to his commercial paymasters, and letters to individuals. These are in dispersed locations, much is unpublished. Sir Thomas Roe, 1581[-]1644: A Life, by Michael Strachan, 1989 contains a bibliography and location of manuscript sources. Major published collections are:

Purchas, Samuel (editor), Purchas His Pilgrimes, 1625, 4 vols; reprinted, 1905[-]07 (part 1, book 4, chapter 16)

This contains an abbreviated, edited version of the Journal and a few of his letters. It also contains the map of India, drawn by William Baffin, from Roe’s information, engraved by Renold Elstrack, which is also reproduced in Foster and in Strachan.

Foster, William (editor), The Embassy of Sir Thomas Roe to the Court of the Great Mogul, 1615[-]1619: As Narrated in His Journal and Correspondnce, 2 vols, 1899; revised edition as The Embassy of Sir Thomas Roe to India 1615[-]19: As Narrated in His Journal and Correspondence, 1 vol., 1926

Knolles, Richard, The General Historie of the Turkes, 1603

The 2nd edition was published in 1610, the year Knolles died. The 4th edition, 1631, includes the period 1621[-]28 based on Roe’s despatches and letters, including Roe’s account of the fight with Maltese gallies. The 5th edition, 1638, states that Roe himself revised the whole work.

The Negotiations of Sir Thomas Roe in His Embassy to the Ottoman Porte, from the Year 1621 to 1628 Inclusive, edited by Samuel Richardson and Thomas Carte, 1740

The first of five projected folio volumes covering Roe’s activities 1620[-]44; the rest were abandoned through lack of public support.

Gardiner, S.R. (editor), Letters Relating to the Mission of Sir Thomas Roe to Gustavus Adolphus 1629[-]30, London: Camden Society, 1875

Further Reading

Christy, Miller, The Voyages of Captain Luke Foxe of Hull, and Captain Thomas James of Bristol, in Search of a Northwest Passage, in 1631[-]32, 2 vols, London: Hakluyt Society, 1894; New York: Franklin, 1963

Epstein, M., The Early History of the Levant Company, London: Routledge, and New York: Dutton, 1908; reprinted, New York: A.M. Kelley, 1968

Hammer, Joseph von, Geschichte des Osmanischen Reiches, vols 4[-]5, Pest: Hartleben, 1829

Kinross, Patrick Balfour, Lord, The Ottoman Centuries: The Rise and Fall of the Turkish Empire, London: Jonathan Cape, and New York: Morrow, 1977

Lorimer, Joyce (editor), English and Irish Settlement on the River Amazon, 1550[-]1646, London: Hakluyt Society, 1989

Parker, Geoffrey, The Thirty Years' War, London: Routledge, 1984; revised edition, 1987

Strachan, Michael, The Life and Adventures of Thomas Coryate, London and New York: Oxford University Press, 1962

Strachan, Michael, “Sampson’s Fight with Maltese Gallies”, Mariner’s Mirror: Journal of the Society for Nautical Research, 55 (1969)

Expands Roe’s account in Knolles, General Historie.

Strachan, Michael and Boies Penrose (editors), The East India Company Journals of Captain William Keeling and Master Thomas Bonner, 1615[-]17, Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1971

Keeling commanded the fleet that brought Roe to India.

Waters, David W., The Art of Navigation in England in Elizabethan and Early Stuart Times, London: Hollis and Carter, New Haven, Connecticut: Yale University Press, 1958

Wedgwood, C.V., The Thirty Years War, London: Jonathan Cape, 1938; New Haven, Connecticut: Yale University Press, 1939

Wedgwood, C.V., The King’s Peace, 1637[-]41, London: Collins, and New York: Macmillan, 1955

Wedgwood, C.V., The King’s War, 1641[-]47, London: Collins, and New York: Macmillan, 1958

Wood, Alfred C., A History of the Levant Company, London: Oxford University Press, 1935, New York: Barnes and Noble, 1964

Roman Empire

Ancient Sources: Greek and Roman

Augustus, Res gestae Divi Augusti, edited by Ekkehard Weber, Munich: Heimeran, 1970

Caesar, Iulius, Commentarii de bello Gallico, edited by Friedrich Kraner and W. Ditenburger, 19th edition, Berlin: Weidmann, 1961[-]64

Cassius Dio Cocceianus, Dio’s Roman History, (Loeb Classical Library), edited by H.B. Foster, translated by Earnest [sic] Cary, Cambridge, Massachusettes: Harvard University Press, and London: Heinemann, 1961

Casson, Lionel (editor), The Periplus Maris Erythraei: Text with Introduction Translation, and Commentary, Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 1989

Heliodorus, Les Èthiopiques: Théagene et Chariclée (Collection Bud), edited by R.M. Rattenbuy and T.W. Lumb, and translated by J. Maillon, 2nd edition, Paris:Belles Lettres, 1960

Isidores of Charax, Parthian Stations, edited, translated, and commentary by Wilfred H. Schoff, Philadelphia: Commercial Museum, 1914; Chicago: Ares, 1976

Livy, Ab urbe condita, edited by Wilhelm Weissenborn and H.J. Müller, 10th edition, Berlin: Weidmann, 1962[-]65

Paterculus, Velleius, Historiæ Romana (Teubner Ausgabe), edited by C. Halm, Leipzig: Teubner, 1876

Pliny the elder, Naturalis historia, Naturkunde, edited and translated by Roderich König and Gerhard Winkler, Munich: Heimeran, 1973[-]46

Plutarch, Vitae parallelae: Pompeius, edited by C. Sintenis, Leipzig: Teubner, 1909

Pomponius Mela, Kreuzfahrt durch die Alte Welt, Lat.-dt, edited by Kai Brodersen, Darmstadt, 1994

Ptolemy, Claudius, Geographia, edited by C.F.A. Nobbe with an introduction by Aubrey Diller, Leipzig, 1843[-]45; reprinted, 1966

Seneca, L. Aennaeus, Naturales questiones, edited and translated by Thomas H. Corcoran, London: Heinemann, and Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, 1971[-]72

Strabo, Geography (Loeb Classical Library) edited and translated by Horace Leonard Jones, Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, 1949[-]54; London: Heinemann, 1954[-]61

Suetonius, De vita Caesarum, edited by Max Ihm, Stuttgart: Teubner, 1908

Tacitus, Cornelius, Annales, edited by C.D. Fisher, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1906

Tacitus, Cornelius, Das Leben des Iulius Agricola, edited by Rudolf Till, Berlin: Akademie, 1961

Further Reading

Alonso-Núnez, José M., “Roman Knowledge of Scandinavia in the Imperial Period”, Oxford Journal of Archaeology, 7/1 (1988): 47[-]64

Bengtson, Hermann, “Q. Caecilius Metellus Celer (cos 60) und die Inder”, Historia, 3 (1954[-]55): 229[-]36

Bernecker, Annemarie, Die Feldzüge des Tiberius und die Darstellung der unterworfenen Gebiete in der “Geographie des Ptolemaeus”, Bonn: Habelt in Kohim, 1989

Brodersen, Kai, Terra cognita: Studien zur römischen Raumerfassung, Hildesheim: Olms, 1995

Cary, Max and E.H. Warmington, The Ancient Explorers, London: Methuen, and New York: Dodd Mead, 1929; revised edition, Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1963

Charlesworth, M.P., Trade-Routes and Commerce of the Roman Empire, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1924; revised edition, 1926; Chicago: Aves, 1974

Conermann, Stephan (editor), Der Indische Ozean in historischer Perspektive, Hamburg: EB, 1998

Desanges, Jehan, Recherches sur l’activité des Méditerranées aux confins de l’Afrique Vie siècle avant J.-C.[-]IV siècle après J.-C., Rome: École Française de Rome, 1978

Desanges, Jehan, “Rom und das Innere Afrikas” in Afrika, edited by Heinz Duchhardt, Jörg A. Schlumberger and Peter Segl, Cologne: Bohlau, 1989

Dihle, Albrecht, “Die entdeckungsgeschichlichen Voraussetzungen des Indienhandels der römischen Kaiserzeit” in Aufstieg und Niedergang der römischen Welt, edited by Hildegard Temporini, vol. 2, Berlin and New York: de Gruyter, 1978

Dilke, O.A.W., Greek and Roman Maps, Ithaca, New York: Cornell University Press, 1985

Dion, Roser, Aspects politiques de la géographie antique, Paris: Les Belles Lettres, 1977

Ferguson, John, “China and Rome” in Aufstieg und Niedergang der römischen Welt, edited by Hildegard Temporini, vol. 2, Berlin and New York: de Gruyter, 1987

Franck, Irene M. and David M. Brownstone, The Silk Road: A History, New York: Facts on File, 1986

Frere, Sheppard, Britannia: A History of Roman Britain, revised edition, London and Boston: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1978

Harley, J.B. and David Woodward (editors), The History of Cartography, vol 1: Cartography in Prehistoric, Ancient, and Medieval Europe and the Mediterranean, Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1987

Henning, Richard, Terrae incognitae, vols 1[-]2, Leiden: E.J. Brill, 1936; 2nd edition, 1944[-]50

Hirth, Friedrich, China and the Roman Orient, vols 1 and 2, Leipzig: Hirth, 1885; New York: Paragon, 1966

Huss, Werner, “Die Quellen des Nils”, Chronique d’Ègypte, 65 (1990): 334[-]43

Huss, Werner, “Die antike Mittelmeerwelt und Innerafrika” in Afrika, edited by Heinz Duchhardt, Jörg A. Schlumberger and Peter Segl, Cologne: Bohlau, 1989

Janvier, Yves, “Rome et l’Orient lointain: le probléme des Séres”, Ktema, 9 (1984): 260[-]303

Kirwan, L.P., “Roman Expeditions to the Upper Nile and the Chad-Darfur Region” in Libya in History: Historical Conference 16.[-]23. March 1968, edited by Fawzi F. Gadallah, Benghazi: University of Libya, 1968

Law, R.C., “The Garamantes and the Trans-Saharan Enterprise in Classical Times”, Journal of African History, 8 (1967): 181[-]200

Leach, Elenor Winsor, The Rhetoric of Space: Literary and Artistic Representations of Landscape in Republican and Augustan Rome, Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 1988

Lhote, Henri, “L’Éxpedition de Cornelius Balbus au Sahara”, Revue Africaine, 98 (1964): 41[-]83

Nicolet, Claude, L’Inventaire du monde: Géographie et politique aux origines de l’Empire romain, Paris: Fayard, 1988

Raschke, Manfred G., “New Studies in Roman Commerce with the East” in Aufstieg und Niedergang der römischen Welt, edited by Hildegard Temporini, vol. 2, Berlin and New York: de Gruyter, 1978

Reade, Julian (editor), The Indian Ocean in Antiquity, London: and New York: Kegan Paul International in association with the British Museum, 1996

Ruprechtsberger, Erwin M., Die Garamanten: Geschichte und Kultur eines Libyschen Volkes in der Sahara, Mainz: von Zabern, 1997

Salway Peter, The Oxford Illustrated History of Roman Britain, Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press, 1993

Svennung, J., Scadinavia und Scandia, Uppsala: Almqvist & Wiksell, 1963

Thomson, J. Oliver, History of Ancient Geography, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1948

Warmingon, E.H., The Commerce between the Roman Empire and India, 2nd edition, London: Curzon Press, and New York: Octagon Books, 1974

Wheeler, Mortimer, Rome beyond the Imperial Frontiers, London: Bell, and New York: Philosophical Library, 1954

Wissmann, Hermann von, “Die Geschichte des Sabäerreiches und der Feldzug des Aelius Gallus” in Aufstieg und Niedergang der römischen Welt, edited by Hildegard Temporini, vol. 2, Berlin and New York: de Gruyter, 1976

Romanticism

Travel Writing

Byron, George Gordon, Lord, Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage, 1812[-]18; complete edition, 1819

One of the most influential and commercially successful of all works of Romantic travel.

Flaubert, Gustave, Flaubert in Egypt: A Sensibility on Tour. A Narrative Drawn from Gustave Flaubert’s Travel Notes and Letters, translated and edited by Francis Steegmuller, 1972

Compilation of impressions from notebooks and letters written on Flaubert’s tour of Egypt in 1849[-]50.

Goethe, Johann Wolfgang von, Italienische Reise, 2 vols, 1816[-]17; as Italian Journey, translated by W.H. Auden and Elizabeth Mayer, 1962; also as Travels in Italy, translated by Alexander James Morrison, 1849

Goethe’s two stays in Rome are the heart of this Romantic Grand Tour.

Humboldt, Alexander von, and Bonpland, Aime, Voyage aux régions équinoxiales du nouveau continent, 3 vols, 1814[-]25, Part 1 of Voyage de Humboldt et Bonpland; as Personal Narrative of Travels to the Equinoctial Regions of the New Continent, during the Years 1799-1804, translated by Helen Maria Williams, 7 vols, 1814[-]29

Humboldt is both scientific observer and Romantic hero on this epic voyage.

Lamartine, Alphonse de, Souvenirs, impressions, pensées et paysages, pendant un voyage en orient, 1832[-]1833, ou notes d’un voyageur, 4 vols, 1835; translated as A Pilgrimage to the Holy Land: Comprising Recollections, Sketches, etc. Made During a Tour in the East in 1832[-]33, 1835

Lamartine treats the Orient as a province of his soul in this voyage to Palestine.

Nerval, Gerard de, Voyage en Orient, 1851; as Journey to the Orient, edited and translated by Norman Glass, 1972

Intensely inward wanderings through Egypt, Syria, Lebanon, and Turkey.

Melville, Herman, Narrative of a Four Months’ Residence among the Natives of a Valley in the Marquesas Islands; or, a Peep at Polynesian Life, 1846; as “Typee”, 1846; revised edition, 1846

Partly fictionalized and Romanticized account of Melville’s experiences after jumping ship in the South Seas.

Thoreau, Henry David, The Maine Woods, edited by Sophia Thoreau and William Ellery Channing, 1864; re-edited by Joseph J. Moldenhauer, 1972

Characteristic blends of exterior and interior exploration.

Wollstonecraft, Mary, Letters Written during a Short Residence in Sweden, Norway, and Denmark, 1796

Neglected classic of Romanticism in which Wollstonecraft conveys the “temperature of my soul” as she journeys through the backwoods of Scandinavia.

Wordsworth, William, The Prelude, or, Growth of a Poet’s Mind: an Autobiographical Poem (1805), 1850; early version first edited by Ernest de Selincourt, 1926

Not a conventional travel book, but this poetic autobiography of an itinerant early life is now seen as central to British Romanticism.

Further Reading

Andrews, Malcolm, The Search for the Picturesque: Landscape Aesthetics and Tourism in Britain, 1760[-]1800, Aldershot: Scolar Press, 1987; Stanford, California: Stanford University Press, 1989

Bohls, Elizabeth A., Women Travel Writers and the Language of Aesthetics, 1716[-]1818, Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press, 1995

Butler, James A., “Travel Writing” in A Companion to Romanticism, edited by Duncan Wu, Oxford and Malden, Massachusetts: Blackwell, 1998

Butler, Marilyn, “Orientalism” in The Romantic Period, edited by David B. Pirie (vol. 5 of The Penguin History of Literature), London and New York: Penguin, 1994

Buzard, James, The Beaten Track: European Tourism, Literature, and the Ways to Culture, 1800[-]1918, Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press, 1993

Cardinal, Roger, “Romantic Travel” in Rewriting the Self: Histories from the Renaissance to the Present, edited by Roy Porter, London and New York: Routledge, 1997

Chard, Chloe, Pleasure and Guilt on the Grand Tour: Travel Writing and Imaginative Geography, 1600[-]1830, Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1999

Chard, Chloe and Helen Langdon (editors), Transports: Travel, Pleasure, and Imaginative Geography, 1600[-]1830, New Haven, Connecticut and London: Yale University Press, 1996

Fulford, Tim and Peter J. Kitson (editors), Romanticism and Colonialism: Writing and Empire, 1780[-]1830, Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press, 1998

Jarvis, Robin, Romantic Writing and Pedestrian Travel, Basingstoke: Macmillan, and New York: St Martin’s Press, 1997

Leask, Nigel, British Romantic Writers and the East: Anxieties of Empire, Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press, 1992

Leed, Eric J., The Mind of the Traveler: From Gilgamesh to Global Tourism, New York: Basic Books, 1991

Parks, George B., “The Turn to the Romantic in the Travel Literature of the Eighteenth Century”, Modern Language Quarterly, 25 (1964): 22[-]33

Pratt, Mary Louise, Imperial Eyes: Travel Writing and Transculturation, London and New York: Routledge, 1992

Said, Edward W., Orientalism, London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1978

Stafford, Barbara Maria, “Towards Romantic Landscape Perception: Illustrated Travels and the Rise of ‘Singularity’ as an Aesthetic Category” in Studies in Eighteenth-Century Culture, vol. 10, edited by Harry C. Payne, Madison, Wisconsin: University of Wisconsin Press, 1981

Thompson, C.W., “French Romantic Travel and the Quest for Energy”, Modern Language Review, 87 (1992): 307[-]19

Whale, John, “Romantics, Explorers and Picturesque Travellers” in The Politics of the Picturesque: Literature, Landscape and Aesthetics since 1770, edited by Stephen Copley and Peter Garside, Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press, 1994

Rome

Travel Writing

Addison, Joseph, Remarks on several parts of Italy &c. in the years 1701, 1702, 1703, 1705; edited by A.C. Guthkelch in The Miscellaneous Works of Joseph Addison, vol. 2, 1914

Andersch, Alfred, Aus einem römischen Winter: Reisebilder, 1979

Andersen, Hans Christian, Eines Dichters Basar: Deutschland, Italien, Griechenland, der Orient, die Donaufahrt, Heimreise, edited by Gisela Perlet, 1973

Andersen, Hans Christian, The Improvisatore, or, Life in Italy, translated by Mary Howitt, 2 vols, 1845

Archenholz, Johann Wilhelm von, England und Italien, 3 vols, 1785; edited by Michael Maurer, 1993; Italian portion, as A Picture of Italy, translated by Joseph Trapp, 2 vols, 1791

Atterbom, Per Daniel Amadeus, Ein Schwede reist nach Deutschland und Italien: Jugenderinnerungen eines romantischen Dichters und Kunstgelehrten aus den Jahren 1817 bis 1819, translated by Franz Maurer, 1867; newly edited by Elmar Jansen, 1967

Bachmann, Ingeborg, “Was ich in Rom sah und hörte” in her Werke, vol. 4, edited by Christine Koschel, Inge von Weidenbaum and Clemens Münster, 1978; new edition, 1993

Beckford, William, Italy, with sketches of Spain and Portugal, 2 vols, 1834

Berlioz, Hector, The Memoirs of Hector Berlioz, member of the French Institute, including his Travels in Italy, Germany, Russia and England, 1803[-]1865, 1870; translated and edited by David Cairns, 1969

Boswell, James, Boswell on the Grand Tour: Italy, Corsica and France, 1765[-]1766, edited by Frank Brady and Frederick A. Pottle, 1955

Bowen, Elizabeth, A Time in Rome, 1960

Brinkmann, Rolf D., Rom: Blicke, 1979

Brun, Friederike, Briefe aus Rom, geschrieben in den Jahren 1808, 1809, 1810, 1820

Brun, Friederike, Römisches Leben, 2 vols, 1833

Byron, George Gordon, Lord, Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage, Canto the fourth, 1818

Chateaubriand, François-René, Recollections of Italy, England and America, with essays on various subjects, in morals and literature, 2 vols, 1815

Chateaubriand, François-René, Vicomte de, Voyage en Italie, edited by J.-M. Gautier, 1968; as Travels in America and Italy, vol. 2, 1828

Dickens, Charles, Pictures from Italy, 1846; edited and introduced by Kate Flint, 1998

Fuller Ossoli, Margaret, The Writings of Margaret Fuller, edited by Mason Wade, 1941; reprinted, 1973

Fuller Ossoli, Margaret, At Home and Abroad or Things and Thoughts in America and Europe, edited by Arthur B. Fuller, 1856

Gibbon, Edward, The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire, abridged version, edited by Dero A. Saunders, 1981

Goethe, Johann Wolfgang, Roman Elegies and the Diary, verse translation by David Luke, bilingual edition, 1988

Goethe, Johann Wolfgang von, Italian Journey 1786[-]1788, translated by W.H. Auden and Elizabeth Mayer, 1962

Gounod, Charles, “Lettres de Rome et de Vienne”, Revue politique et littéraire, 12/31 (1910); 1/5 (1911)

Gounod, Charles, Memoirs of an Artist: An Autobiography, 1895

Hare, Augustus, Walks in Rome, 2 vols, 1871; 27th edition, revised by St Clair Baddeley, 1925

Hawthorne, Nathaniel, The Marble Faun, 2 vols, 1860; edited by Malcolm Bradbury, Stephen Pain and Christopher Bigsby, 1995

Hawthorne, Nathaniel, The French and Italian Notebooks, edited by Thomas Woodson, 1980

Herder, Johann Gottfried, Die italienische Reise: Briefe und Tagebuchaufzeichnungen 1788-1789, edited by Albert Meier and Heide Hollmer, 1988

James, Henry, William Wetmore Story and His Friends: From Letters, Diaries, and Recollections, 2 vols, 1903

James, Henry, “A Roman Holiday, Roman Rides, Roman Neighbourhoods, The After-Season in Rome, From a Roman Notebook” in Travelling in Italy with Henry James: Essays, edited by Fred Kaplan, 1994

Jameson, Anna Brownell, Diary of an Ennuyée, 1826

Kaschnitz, Marie Luise, Engelsbrücke: Römische Betrachtungen, 1955

Koeppen, Wolfgang, Der Tod in Rom, 1954

McCarthy, Mary, Birds of America, 1971

Morgan, Lady Sydney, Italy, 2 vols, 1821

Ortheil, Hanns-Josef, Faustinas Küsse, 1998

Schücking, Levin, Luther in Rom, 3 vols, 1870; as Luther in Rome, translated by Mrs Eudora Lindsay South, 1890

Seume, Johann Gottfried, Spaziergang nach Syrakus im Jahre 1802, edited by Albert Meier, 1985

Sharp, Samuel, Letters from Italy, describing the customs and manners of that country in the years 1765 and 1766, 1766

Shelley, Mary, Rambles in Germany and Italy in 1840, 1842, and 1843, 2 vols, 1844

Sheridan, Michael, Romans: Their Lives and Times, 1994

Smollett, Tobias, Travels through France and Italy, 2 vols, 1766; edited by Frank Felsenstein, 1979

Stael, Germaine de, Corinne, or Italy, translated and edited by Sylvia Raphael, 1998

Stendhal, Rome, Naples, and Florence, in 1817: Sketches of the present state of society, manners, arts, literature &c. in these celebrated cities, 1818

Stendhal, A Roman Journal, 1829; edited and translated by Haakon Chevalier, 1959

Story, William Wetmore, Roba di Roma, 2 vol, 1863

Taine, Hippolyte, Voyage en Italie, vol. 1, 1866; as Italy: Naples and Rome, translated by J. Durand, 1867

Vidal, Gore, The Judgement of Paris, 1952

Wharton, Edith, “Roman Fever” in her The World Over, 1936

Williams, Tennessee, The Roman Spring of Mrs. Stone, 1950

Winckelmann, Johann Joachim, Geschichte der Kunst des Altertums, 1764; as The History of Ancient Art, translated by G. Henry Lodge, 4 vols, 1849[-]73

Zapperi, Roberto, Das Inkognito: Goethes ganz andere Existenz in Rom, translated by Ingeborg Walter, 1999

Further Reading

Battafarano, Italo Michele, “Genese und Metamorphose des Italienbildes in der deutschen Literatur der Neuzeit” in Italienische Reise, Reisen nach Italien, edited by Italo Michele Battafarano, Gardolo: Reverdito, 1988

Brand, C.P., Italy and the English Romantics: The Italianate Fashion in Early Nineteenth-Century England, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1957

Brilli, Attilio, Quando viaggiare era un’arte: il romanzo del Grand Tour, Bologna: Mulino, 1995

Churchill, Kenneth, Italy and English Literature, 1764-1930, London: Macmillan, and Totowa, New Jersey: Barnes and Noble, 1980

Deiss, Joseph Jay, The Roman Years of Margaret Fuller: A Biography, New York: Crowell, 1969

Fraser, Hilary, The Victorians and Renaissance Italy, Oxford and Cambridge, Massachusetts: Blackwell, 1992

Greaves, A.E., Stendhal’s Italy: Themes of Political and Religious Satire, Exeter: University of Exeter Press, 1995

Grimm, Gunter E., Ursula Breymayer and Walter Erhart, “Ein Gefühl von freierem Leben”: Deutsche Dichter in Italien, Stuttgart: Metzler, 1990

Hibbert, Christopher, The Grand Tour, London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, and New York: Putnam, 1969

Koch, Dieter, Schönheit und Dekadenz: die Italienerfahrung britischer Reisender im 19. Jahrhundert, Trier: Wissenschaftlicher Verlag Trier, 1989

Lo Gatto, Ettore, Russi in Italia, dal secolo XVII ad oggi, Rome: Riuniti, 1971

Mecklenburg, Norbert, “Luther in Rom: Zur literarischen Fabrikation eines deutschen Mythos” in Rom-Paris-London: Erfahrung und Selbsterfahrung deutscher Schriftsteller und Künstler in den fremden Metropolen: ein Symposium, edited by Conrad Wiedemann, Stuttgart: Metzler, 1988

Rudman, Harry W., Italian Nationalism and English Letters: Figures of the Risorgimento and Victorian Men of Letters, London: Allen and Unwin, 1940; reprinted, New York: AMS Press, 1966

Stebbins, Theodore E. (editor), The Lure of Italy: American Artists and the Italian Experience, 1760[-]1914, Boston: Museum of Fine Arts, 1992

Travellers in Arcadia: American Artists in Italy, 1830[-]1875, Detroit: Detroit Institute of Arts, and Toledo Museum of Art, 1951

Ujma, Christina, “Sehnsucht nach Italien: Ottilie von Goethe zwischen Weimar, Wien und Rom” in Women Writers of the Age of Goethe, vol. 9, edited by Margaret Ives, Lancaster: University of Lancaster, 1997

Ujma, Christina, “Alfred Anderschs Italienbild im Kontext der Nachkriegsliteratur” in The Gruppe 47 Fifty Years On: A Re-Appraisal of its Literary and Political Significance, edited by Stuart Parkes and John J. White, Amsterdam and Atlanta, Georgia: Rodopi, 1999

Vance, Norman, The Victorians and Ancient Rome, Oxford and Cambridge: Blackwell, 1997

Vance, William L., America’s Rome, vol. 1: Classical Rome, vol. 2: Catholic and Contemporary Rome, New Haven, Connecticut: Yale University Press, 1989

Wegener, Frederick, “Elisabeth Barrett Browning, Italian Independence, and the ‘critical reaction’ of Henry James”, Studies in English Literature, 37/4 (Autumn 1997): 741[-]62

Weinberg, Alan M., Shelley’s Italian Experience, London: Macmillan, 1990; New York: St Martin’s Press, 1991

Wilton, Andrew and Ilaria Bignamini (editors), Grand Tour: The Lure of Italy in Eighteenth Century, London: Tate Gallery, 1996 [exhibition catalogue]

James Clark Ross 1800[-]1862

Travel Writing

A Voyage of Discovery and Research in the Southern and Antarctic Regions, During the Years 1839[-]43, 1847

Further Reading

Dodge, Ernest S., The Polar Rosses: John and James Clark Ross and Their Explorations, London: Faber, 1973

Gilpin, James D., “Outline of the voyage of HMS Enterprize and Investigator in search of Sir John Franklin”, Nautical Magazine 19 (1850): 8[-]9; 82[-]90; 160[-]70; 230

Gilpin was clerk-in-charge on board HMS Investigator.

Jones, A.G.E., “The Voyage of HMS Cove, Captain James Clark Ross, 1835[-]36”, Polar Record, 5/40 (1950): 543[-]56

Jones, A.G.E., “Sir James Clark Ross and the Voyage of the Enterprise and Investigator, 1848[-]49”, Geographical Journal, 137/2 (1971): 165[-]79

McCormick, Robert, Voyages of Discovery in the Arctic and Antarctic Seas, and round the World; being Personal Narratives of Attempts to reach the North and South Poles, London: Sampson Low, 1884

McCormick was assistant surgeon on HMS Hecla on Parry’s North Pole expedition in 1827 and surgeon on Ross’s Erebus on his antarctic voyage.

Parry, William Edward, Journal of a Voyage for the Discovery of a North-West Passage from the Atlantic to the Pacific, London: John Murray, 1821

Parry, William Edward, Journal of a Second Voyage for the Discovery of a North-West Passage from the Atlantic to the Pacific, London: John Murray, 1824

Parry, William Edward, Journal of a Third Voyage for the Discovery of a North-West Passage, from the Atlantic to the Pacific, London: John Murray, 1826

Parry, William Edward, Narrative of an Attempt to Reach the North Pole, London: John Murray, 1828

Ross, John, A Voyage of Discovery, made under the Orders of the Admiralty, in His Majesty’s Ships Isabella and Alexander, for the Purpose of Exploring Baffin’s Bay, and Inquiring into the Probability of a North-West Passage, London: John Murray, 1819

Ross, John, Narrative of a Second Voyage in Search of a North-West Passage, and of a Residence in the Arctic Regions during the Years 1829, 1830, 1831, 1832, London: A.W. Webster, 1835

Ross, M.J., Ross in the Antarctic: The Voyages of James Clark Ross in Her Majesty’s Ships Eberus and Terror, 1839[-]1843, Whitby: Caedmon, 1982

Ross, M.J. and James M. Savelle, “Round Lord Mayor Bay with James Clark Ross: The Original Diary of 1830”, Arctic, 43/1 (1990): 66[-]79

Ross, M.J. and James M. Savelle, “Retreat from Boothia: The Original Diary of James Clark Ross, May to October 1832”, Arctic, 45/2 (1992): 179[-]94

Ross, M.J., Polar Pioneers: John Ross and James Clark Ross, Montreal: McGill[-]Queen’s University Press, 1994

John Ross 1777[-]1856

Travel Writing

A Voyage of Discovery, Made under the Orders of the Admiralty, in His Majesty’s Ships Isabella and Alexander, for the Purpose of Exploring Baffin’s Bay, and Inquiring into the Probability of a North-West Passage, 1819

Narrative of a Second Voyage in Search of a North-West Passage; and of a Residence in the Arctic Regions during the Years 1829, 1830, 1831, 1832, 1835

Appendix to the Narrative of a Second Voyage in Search of a North-West Passage: and of a Residence in the Arctic Regions in the Years 1829, 1830, 1831, 1832, 1833, 1835

Further Reading

Dodge, Ernest S., The Polar Rosses: John and James Clark Ross and Their Explorations, London: Faber, 1973

Fisher, Alexander, Journal of a Voyage of Discovery, to the Arctic Regions, Performed between the 4th of April, and the 18th of Nov., 1818, in His Majesty’s Ship Alexander. By an officer of the Alexander, London: Richard Phillips, 1819

An account of Ross’s first expedition, published anonymously by Fisher, assistant surgeon on Parry’s ship, Alexander.

Holland, Clive and James M. Savelle, “My Dear Beaufort: A Personal Letter from John Ross’s Arctic Expedition of 1829[-]33”, Arctic, 40/1 (1987): 66[-]77

Huish, Robert, The Last Voyage of Capt. Sir John Ross, R.N., to the Arctic Regions; for the Discovery of a North West Passage; Performed in the Years 1829-30-31-32 and 33, London: John Saunders, 1835

An account of Ross’s second expedition, ghost-written by Huish on behalf of Victory’s steward, William Light, a disgrunted malcontent who had given Ross a great deal of trouble; the resultant bias against Ross is very evident.

Ross, M.J. and James M. Savelle, “Round Lord Mayor’s Bay with James Clark Ross: the Original Diary of 1830”, Arctic, 43/1 (1990): 66[-]79

Ross, M.J. and James M. Savelle, “Retreat from Boothia: The Original Diary of James Clark Ross, May to October 1832”, Arctic, 45/2 (1992): 179[-]94

Ross, M.J., Polar Pioneers: John Ross and James Clark Ross, Montreal: McGill[-]Queen’s University Press, 1994

Savelle, James M., “The Archaeology of a Nestilik Inuit Camp depicted by John Ross in 1831”, Polar Record, 23/145 (1987): 427[-]36

Savelle, James M. and Clive Holland, “John Ross and Bellot Strait: Personality Versus Discovery”, Polar Record, 23/145 (1987): 411[-]17

A discussion of whether Ross had seen the eastern entrance of Bellot Strait.

Wilson, Malcolm, “Sir John Ross’s Last Expedition: in Search of Sir John Franklin”, The Musk-Ox, 13 (1973): 3[-]11

Royal Asiatic Society

Publications

Transactions of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland, 3 vols (1823[-]33)

Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland (1834[-])

Further Reading

Head, Raymond, Catalogue of Paintings, Drawings, Engravings and Busts in the Collection of the Royal Asiatic Society, London: Royal Asiatic Society, 1991

Macaulay, Thomas Babington, “Indian Education” in Macaulay: Prose and Poetry, selected by G.M. Young, Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, 1952

Pargiter, F.E. (editor), Centenary Volume of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland, 1823[-]1923, London: Royal Asiatic Society, 1923

Includes a history of the organization by C.F. Beckingham, and provides two indexes (by region and subject and by author) to articles appearing in the Transactions (1823[-]33) and the Journal (1834[-]1922).

Pollock, M.J., “The Library of the Royal Asiatic Society and Its Collections Relating to Southeast Asia”, Libraries and Culture, 33/3 (1998): 306[-]16

Said, Edward W., Orientalism, New York: Pantheon, and London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1978; with new afterword, New York: Vintage, 1994, London: Penguin, 1995

Simmonds, Stuart and Simon Digby (editors), The Royal Asiatic Society: Its History and Treasures, Leiden and London: E.J. Brill for the Royal Asiatic Society, 1979

Includes an updated history of the organization as well as descriptions of certain manuscripts, paintings, and special collections.

Royal Geographical Society

Travel Writing

Back, George, Narrative of the Arctic Land Expedition to the Mouth of the Great Fish River, 1836; reprinted, 1970; CD-ROM edition, 1998

Bruce, C.G., The Assault on Mount Everest, 1923

Burton, Richard F., The Lake Regions of Central Africa, 2 vols, 1860; reprinted, 1995

Grey, George, Journals of Two Expeditions of Discovery in North-west and Western Australia, during the Years 1837, 38, and 39, 2 vols, 1841; facsimile, 1964

Hillary, Edmund, High Adventure, 1955

Hunt, John (Baron Hunt), The Ascent of Everest, 1953

Livingstone, David, Missionary Travels and Researches in South Africa, 1857

Nares, G.S., Narrative of a Voyage to the Polar Sea during 1875[-]6 in H.M. Ships “Alert” and “Discovery”, 1878

Norton, E.F. et al., The Fight for Everest, 1925

Ross, John, Narrative of a Second Voyage in Search of a North-West Passage, and of a Residence in the Arctic Regions, during the Years 1829, 1830, 1831, 1832, 1833, 1835

Schomburgk, Robert H., A Description of British Guiana, 1840; reprinted, 1970

Scott, Robert Falcon, The Voyage of the “Discovery”, 1905

Shackleton, Ernest, The Heart of the Antarctic, 1909

Shackleton, Ernest, South, 1919; reprinted, 1999

Shipton, Eric, That Untravelled World: An Autobiography, 1943

Speke, John Hanning, Journal of the Discovery of the Source of the Nile, 1863; 2nd edition, 1864; reprinted, 1996

Stanley, Henry M., Through the Dark Continent, 2 vols, 1878

Stanley, Henry M., In Darkest Africa, 2 vols, 1890

Tilman, H.W., Mount Everest, 1938, 1948

Website

Royal Geographical Society http://www.rgs.org

Guillaume de Rubruck (c.1210/15[-]?)

Travel Writing

The Journey of William of Rubruck to the Eastern Parts of the World, 1253[-]55 as Narrated by Himself with Two Accounts of the Earlier Journey of John of Pian de Carpine, translated and edited by William Woodville Rockhill, 1900

Contemporaries of Marco Polo: Consisting of the Travel Records to the Eastern Parts of the World of William of Rubruck [1253[-]1255]; The Journey of Pian de Carpini [1245[-]1247]; the Journal of Friar Odoric [1318[-] 1330] & The Oriental Travels of Rabbi Benjamin of Tudela [1160[-]1173], edited by Manuel Komroff, 1928

The Mongol Mission: Narratives and Letters of the Franciscan Missionaries in Mongolia and China in the Thirteenth and Fourteenth centuries translated by a nun of Stanbrook Abbey, edited by Christopher Dawson, 1955

Further Reading

Boyle, John Andrew, The Mongol World Empire, 1206[-]1370, with a preface by Owen Lattimore, London: Variorum, 1977

Cameron, Nigel, Barbarians and Mandarins: Thirteen Centuries of Western Travelers in China, New York: Walker, 1970

Erfen, Irene and Karl-Heinz Spiess (editor), Fremdheit und Reisen im Mittelalter, Stuttgart: Steiner, 1997

Kappler, Claude and René Kappler (translators), Guillaume de Rubrouck: Envoyé de saint Louis. Voyage dans l’Empire Mongol, Paris: Payot, 1985

Wunderli, Peter, Reisen in reale und mythische Ferne: Reiseliteratur in Mittelalter und Renaissance, Düsseldorf: Droste, 1993

Wyngaert, Anastasius van den (editor), Sinica Franciscana. I: Itinera et relationes Fratrum Minorum saeculorum XIII et XIV, Florence: Collegium S. Bonaventura, 1929

Russia: since 1700

Travel writing

Algarotti, Francesco, Viaggi di Russia, 1760; as Letters from Count Algarotti to Lord Harvey and the Marquis Scipio Maffei, Containing the State of the Trade, Marine, Revenues, and Forces of the Russian Empire: with the History of the Late War between the Russians and the Turks, and Observations on the Baltic and the Caspian Seas, 1770

Alvaro, Corrado, I maestri del diluvio. Viaggio nella Russia Sovietica [The Masters of Deluge. Journey to Soviet Russia], 1935

Barzini, Luigi, Pekin to Paris: An Account of Prince Borghese’s Journey across Two Continents in a Motor-Car, translated by L.P. de Castelvecchio,1907

Translation of the newspaper reports written by Barzini; the book in Italian, La metà del mondo vista da un’automobile: da Pechino a Parigi in sessanta giorni, was published in 1908.

Bell, John, Travels from St. Petersburg in Russia to Diverse Parts of Asia, 1764

Benjamin, Walter, Moskauer Tagebuch, 1980; as Moscow Diary, edited by Gary Smith, 1986

Byron, Robert, First Russia, then Tibet, 1933

Céline, Louis-Ferdinand, Mea Culpa, Suivie de la vie et de l’oeuvre de Semmelweis, 1937; as Mea Culpa and the Life and Work of Semmelweis, translated by R.A. Parker, 1937

Cummings, E.E., Eimi, 1933

Custine, Astolphe, Marquis de, La Russie en 1839, 1843; as The Empire of the Czar, or Observations on the Social, Political, and Religious State and Prospects of Russia, Made during a Journey through That Empire, 3 vols, 1843

Derrida, Jacques, Moscou aller-rétour [To Moscow and Back], 1995

Dixon, William Hepworth, Free Russia, 1870

Dos Passos, John, Journeys between Wars, 1938

Dreiser, Theodore, Dreiser Looks at Russia, 1928

Duhamel, Georges, Le Voyage de Moscou [The Moscow Journey], 1927

Dumas, Alexandre, Impressions de voyage: En Russie, 1865; as Adventures in Czarist Russia, translated by Alma Elizabeth Murch, 1960

Du Taillis, Jean, Pékin-Paris: Automobile en quatre-vingt Jours [Beijing-Paris. Motor-Car in Eighty Days], 1907

Gautier, Théophile, Voyage en Russie [Voyage to Russia], 1867

Gide, André, Rétour de l’U.R.S.S., 1936; as Back from the USSR, translated by Dorothy Bussy, 1937

Gide, André, Retouches à mon Rétour de l’U.R.S.S., 1937; as Afterthoughts: A Sequel to Back from the USSR, translated by Dorothy Bussy, 1937

Herder, Johann Gottfried, Journal meiner Reise im Jahre 1769 [Journal of My Travel in the Year 1769], edited by A. Giles, 1947

Moravia, Alberto, Un mese in URSS [A Month in the USSR], 1958

Pallas, Peter Simon, Reise durch verschiedene Provinzen des Russischen Reichs [Journey into Various Provinces of the Russian Empire], 1771[-]76

Pallas, Peter Simon, Bemerkungen auf einer Reise in die Südlichen Statthalterschaften des Russischen Reichs, in den Jahren 1793 und 1794, 1799[-]1801; as Travels through the Southern provinces of the Russian Empire in the years 1793 and 1794, translated by F.W. Blagdon, 1802[-]03

Radishchev, Aleksandr, Puteshestvie iz Peterburga v Moskvu, 1790; as A Journey from St. Petersburg to Moscow, translated by L. Wiener, 1958

Roth, Joseph, Reise nach Russland: Feuilletons, Reportagen, Tagebuchnotizen 1919[-]1930 [Journey to Russia: Articles, Reports, Diary Notes 1919[-]1930], 1995

Sauer, Martin, An account of a Geographical and Astronomical Expedition to the Northern Parts of Russia, 1802

Steinbeck, John, A Russian Journal, 1948

Stephens, John Lloyd, Incidents of Travel in Greece, Turkey, Russia and Poland, 1838

Swinton, Andrew, Travels into Norway, Denmark and Russia, in the Years 1788, 1789, 1790 and 1791, 1792

Weber, Friedrich Christian, Das veränderte Russland, 1721; as The Present State of Russia, Being an account of the government of that country, 1722[-]23

Wells, H.G., Russia in the Shadows, 1920

Further reading

Adamo, Sergia, “Nature and Society in 20th-century Travelers to Russia”, Review of National Literatures and World Report, 1 (1998): 57[-]72

Flores, Marcello and Francesca Gori (editors), Il mito dell’URSS: la cultura occidentale e l’Unione Sovietica, Milan: Angeli, 1990

Groh, Dieter, Russland und das Selbsverständnis Europas: Ein Beitrag zur europaischen Gesitesgeschichte, Neuwied: Luchterhand, 1961

Hollander, Paul, Political Pilgrims: Travels of Western Intellectuals to the Soviet Union, China, and Cuba, 1928[-]1978, New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1981

Karafiàth, Judith, “Rétours de l’URSS (Gide, Céline, Illyès, Nagy)” in Ecrire le voyage, edited by Gyorgy Tverdota, Paris: Presse de la Sorbonne Nouvelle, 1994

Kupferman, Fred, Au Pays de Soviets: le Voyage français en Union Soviétique, 1917[-]1939, Paris: Gallimard Julliard, 1979

Limonov, I.A. (editor), Rossiia XVIII v. glazami inostrantsev, Leningrad: Lenizdat, 1989

Limonov, I.A. (editor), Rossiia pervoi poloviny XIX v. glazami inostrantsev, St Petersburg: Lenizdat, 1991

Russian Geographical Society

Publications

Zapiski RGO, 1846[-]64

Vestnik RGO, 1851[-]64

Izvestiya RGO, 1865[-]

Zapiski RGO po otdeleniyam: Obshchei Geografii, Statistiki, Etnografii

Published as collections of papers until the end of the 1890s

Otzety RGO

Several monographs and other publications were also issued under the auspices of the RGS.

Further Reading

Berg, L.S., Vsesoiuznoe geograficheskoe obshchestvo za sto let [A Centenary of the Geographical Society of the Soviet Union], Moscow and Leningrad: Akademiya Nauk SSSR, 1946

Dvadtsatipyatiletie Imperatorskago Russkago geograficheskago obshchestva [25 Years from the Foundation of the Imperial Russian Geographical Society], St Petersburg: Maikov, 1872

Isachenko, A.G., Russkoe geograficheskoe obshchestvo 150 let [150th Anniversary of the Russian Geographical Society], Moscow: AO Izdatel’skaya gruppa “Progress” and “Pangeya”, 1995

Kalesnik, S.V. (editor), Geograficheskoe obshchestvo za 125 let [125 Years of the Geographical Society], Leningrad: Nauka, 1970

Semenov, P.P., Istoriya poluvekovoi deyatel’nosti Imperatorskago Russkago geograficheskago obshchestva, 1845[-]1895 [Half a Century History of the Imperial Russian Geographical Society], 3 vols, St Petersburg: Bezobrazov, 1896

Sukhova, N.G., “Osnovanie Russkogo geograficheskogo obshchestva” [The Foundation of the Russian Geographical Society] in Rossiya v nikolaevskoe vremya: nauka, politika, prosveshchenie, Filosofskii vek, 6 (1998): 74[-]82

Ukazatel’ k izdaniyam Imperatorskago Russkago Geograficheskago Obshchestva i ego otdielov [Guide to the Publications of the Imperial Geographical Society and Its Departments], 4 vols, St Petersburg: Bezobrazov, i: 1846[-]1875, 1886; ii: 1876[-]1885, 1887; iii: 1886[-]1895, 1896; iv: 1896[-]1905, 1910

Russian-American Company

Travel Writing

Alekseev, A.I. et al. (editors), Russkie ekspeditsii po izucheniiu severnoi chasti Tikhogo okeana vo vtoroi polovine XVIII v.: Sbornik dokumentov, 1989

Collection of Russian documents, many unpublished before, dating from the 1740s to the 1790s. Includes several accounts of early fur hunting voyages in the Aleutian Islands.

Andreev, A.I. (editor), Russkie otkrytiia v Tikhom okeane i Severnoi Amerike v XVIII[-]XIX vekakh, 1944; as Russian Discoveries in the Pacific and in North America in the Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries, translated by Carl Ginsburg, 1952

Andreev, A.I. (editor), Russkie otkrytiia v Tikhom okeane i Severnoi Amerike v XVIII veke, 1948

Extremely valuable collections of Russian documents, including unadulterated reports by several fur hunters and by Grigorii Shelikhov.

Davydov, G.I., Two Voyages to Russian America, 1802[-]1807, translated by Colin Bearne, edited by Richard A. Pierce, 1977

The narrative of Davydov, a Russian naval officer in company service, offers insight into the early years of the Company, particularly its operations on Kodiak.

Divin, V.A. (editor), Russkaia tikhookeanskaia epopeia, 1979

Collection of Russian documents, including extracts from the journals of Vitus Bering’s parties and Russian fur hunters in the eighteenth century.

Dmytryshyn, Basil, E.A.P. Crownhart-Vaughan and Thomas Vaughan (editors and translators), To Siberia and Russian America: Three Centuries of Russian Eastward Expansion, 3 vols, 1985[-]89

An extensive documentary collection. Though the translations are in places questionable, several of the documents herein cannot be found elsewhere in English.

Golovin, Pavel N., The End of Russian America: Captain P.N. Golovin’s Last Report, 1862, translated and edited by Basil Dmytryshyn and E.A.P. Crownhart-Vaughan, 1979

This report on the state of Russian America is frank but charitable toward the Company.

Golovin, Pavel N., Civil and Savage Encounters: The Worldly Travel Letters of an Imperial Russian Navy Officer, 1860[-]1861, translated and edited by Basil Dmytryshyn and E.A.P. Crownhart-Vaughan, 1983

During the controversy over the future of Russian America, Golovin was sent by the navy to inspect the colony. These are his quite candid letters to relatives in Russia.

Kashevarov, A.F., A.F. Kashevarov’s Coastal Explorations in Northwest Alaska, 1838, edited by James W. Vanstone, translated by David H. Kraus, 1977

This interesting account of Kashevarov’s explorations along the arctic coast of Alaska is a valuable ethnographic tract. Moreover, Kashevarov, of mixed Russian-indigenous Alaskan descent, was unusually sensitive to the impact of Russian imperialism on indigenous peoples. Though he eventually settled in Russia and rose high in the navy, he became an outspoken critic of the Company in the 1850s and 1860s.

Khlebnikov, K.T., Baranov: Chief Manager of the Russian Colonies in America, translated by Colin Bearne, edited by Richard A. Pierce, 1973

A glowing biography of Baranov by his contemporary Khlebnikov, originally published in 1835. Already in the 1820s and 1830s, Russians were fashioning their own glorious history of Russian America.

Langsdorff, Georg Heinrich von, Remarks and Observations on a Voyage Around the World from 1803 to 1807, 2 vols in 1, translated by Victoria Joan Moessner, edited by Richard A. Pierce, 1993

Langsdorff, a prominent German physician and scholar in Russian service, sailed with the first Russian round-the-world expedition, under the command of A.J. von Krusenstern and I.F. Lisianskii. Part travelogue and part ethnographic treatise, his narrative is also critical of the Company under Baranov.

Lisianskii, Iurii, A Voyage round the World in the Years 1803, 4, 5 and 6, translated by Lisianskii, 1814; reprinted, 1968

Lisianskii’s account of the first Russian circumnavigation, though less sophisticated and direct than Langsdorff’s, makes an interesting and easy read, as it is fashioned more to be entertaining than to be informative.

Materialy dlia istorii russkikh zaselenii po beregam Vostochnago okeana, supplements 1 and 2 to Morskoi sbornik, 1861

This collection of materials, compiled as the government considered the future of Russian America in the 1860s, is mostly critical of the Company. It includes contributions by A.F. Kashevarov and V.M. Golovnin.

Netsvetov, Iakov, The Journals of Iakov Netsvetov: The Atkha Years, 1828[-]1844, translated by Lydia Black, 1980

Daily journal of the first resident Russian Orthodox priest in the Atkha district of the Aleutian Islands. Netsvetov, of mixed Russian-Aleut descent, was instrumental (with Ivan Veniaminov) in creating the orthography for the written language of the western Aleuts and a good amateur ethnographer.

Netsvetov, Iakov, The Journals of Iakov Netsvetov: The Yukon Years, 1845[-]1863, translated by Lydia T. Black, edited by Richard A. Pierce, 1984

Netsvetov’s daily journal, following his transfer to serve as a missionary in the Alaskan interior, affords wonderful insight into the aging and ailing priest’s efforts to replace “shamanism” with Christianity while suffering his own personal trials.

Documents largely pertaining to the Company’s Baranov years.

Pierce, Richard A. (editor), Documents on the History of the Russian-American Company, translated from the Russian by Marina Ramsay, 1976

Pierce, Richard A. (editor), The Russian Orthodox Religious Mission in America, 1794[-]1837, translated from the Russian by Colin Bearne, 1978

Collection of letters and reports by the members of the first Russian Orthodox mission in America, established on Kodiak Island in 1794. Valuable ethnographic information on Alutiiq of the island, as well as a record of Company abuses and the missionaries’ struggle with Aleksandr Baranov.

Tikhmenev, P.A., A History of the Russian-American Company, vol. 1, translated and edited by Richard A. Pierce and Alton S. Donnelly, 1978; vol. 2, Documents, translated by Dmitri Krenov, edited by Richard A. Pierce and Alton S. Donnelly, 1979

As Tikhmenev was commissioned by the Company to write this work, it tends to place the Company in the best possible light. However, it remains a crucial source, especially for the documents published within.

Veniaminov, Ivan [Ioann], Notes on the Islands of the Unalashka District, translated by Lydia T. Black and R.H. Geoghegan, edited by Richard A. Pierce, 1984

Veniaminov’s lengthy treatise on the eastern Aleutian Islands remains a crucial source for the natural history and history of the region, as well as the Aleuts’ pre-contact culture.

Veniaminov, Ivan [Ioann], Journals of the Priest Ioann Veniaminov in Alaska, 1823 to 1836, translated by Jerome Kisslinger, 1993

Veniaminov kept a daily journal as the first resident Orthodox priest at Unalaska in the eastern Aleutian Islands, and, later, on his travels to Sitka. The entries reveal a clergyman and scholar of unusual energy and ability.

Wrangell, Ferdinand Petrovich, Russian America: Statistical and Ethnographic Information, translated by Mary Sadouski, edited by Richard A. Pierce, 1980

Wrangell, who served as governor of Russian America from 1830 to 1835, was also an accomplished scholar.

Zagoskin, Lavrentii Alekseevich, Lieutenant Zagoskin’s Travels in Russian America, 1842[-]1844: The First Ethnographic and Geographic Investigations on the Yukon and Kuskokwim Valleys of Alaska, edited by Henry N. Michael, translated by Penelope Rainey, 1967

Zagoskin’s intelligent and insightful account of his explorations in the Alaskan interior, which preceded and facilitated the subsequent work of Orthodox missionaries in the Yukon-Kuskokwim region.