Note: List of entries is preliminary and may change prior to publication.
D
Cyriaco d’Ancona 1391(?)[-]1450(?)
Italian
merchant, antiquarian, and archaeologist
Travel
Writing
Cyriacus of Ancona’s Journeys in the Propontis and the Northern Aegean,
1444[-]1445,
edited by Edward W. Bodnar and Charles Mitchell, 1976
Further Reading
Bodnar, Edward W., Cyriacus of Ancona and Athens, Brussels:
Latomus, 1960 (especially chapter 1)
Chiarlo, Carlo Roberto, “Cyriac of
Ancona” in The Dictionary
of Art, edited by Jane Turner, London: Macmillan, and New
York: Grove, 1996
The most recent general treatment,
with further bibliography.
Miller, William, Essays on the Latin Orient, Cambridge:
Cambridge University Press, 1921
Mitchell, Charles, “Archaeology and
Romance in Renaissance Italy” in Italian
Renaissance Studies: A Tribute to the Late Cecilia M. Ady,
edited by E.F. Jacob, London: Faber, 1960
Momigliano, Arnaldo, “Ancient History
and the Antiquarian”, Journal
of the Warburg and Courtauld Institutes, 13 (1950): 285[-]315
Sabbadini, Remegio, “Ciriaco d’Ancona”
in Enciclopedia italiana
di scienze, lettere ed arti, edited by Giovanni Gentile and
Calogero Tumminelli, 36 vols, Rome: Treccani et
al., 1929[-]39
Da Gama, Vasco
c.1460[-]1524
Portuguese
admiral and European discoverer of India
Travel Writing
No
significant writings of Vasco da Gama survive, and there probably
were none. There is a partial roteiro
(log) of the first journey kept by one Alvaro Velho, published
as Roteiro da primeira viagem de Vasco da Gama (1497[-]1499), edited
by A. Fontoura da Costa, 3rd edition, 1969.
A splendid English translation by E.G. Ravenstein appeared
as A Journal of the First Voyage of Vasco da Gama,
1497[-]1499, 1898.
Further Reading
Curto, Diogo Ramada (editor), O tempo de Vasco da Gama, Lisbon: DIFEL,
1998
Offers a superb introduction for readers
of Portuguese.
Hart, Henry H., Sea Road to the Indies, New York: Macmillan, 1950; London: Hodge,
1952
Contains extensive bibliography.
Prestage, Edgar, The Portuguese Pioneers, London: A. and
C. Black, 1933; New York: Barnes and Noble, 1967
Renault, Gilbert, The Caravels of Christ, translated from
the French by Richmond Hill, New York: Putnam, and London: Allen
and Unwin, 1959
Subrahmanyam, Sanjay, The Career and Legend of Vasco da Gama,
Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press, 1997
A review of biographical traditions
from a postcolonial perspective.
Vasco da Gama entry in Explorers and Discoverers of the World,
edited by Daniel B. Baker, Detroit: Gale, 1993
The most recent encyclopedia article,
unsigned.
Alexander Dalrymple 1737[-]1808
British
hydrographer
Travel
Writing
An Account of the Discoveries Made in the South
Pacifick Ocean, Previous to 1764, 1767; reprinted, 1996
An Historical Collection of the Several Voyages
and Discoveries in the South Pacific Ocean, 2 vols, 1769-71;
reprinted, 1967
A Collection of Charts and Memoirs, 1772;
2nd edition, 1786
Journal of the Ship London, Captain Walter
Hues, along the North Coast of Magindanao, October, 1764,
1781
A Collection of Voyages Chiefly in the Southern
Atlantick Ocean, 1775
Journal of the Schooner Cuddalore through the
Strait of Sapy, and on the South Coast of Man[-]e[-]rye, in February,
March, and April 1761, 1793
Further Reading
Fry,
Howard T., Alexander Dalrymple
(1737[-]1808) and the Expansion of British Trade, with a foreword
by R.A. Skelton, London: Cass, 1970
Concentrates
on Dalrymple’s commercial activities.
William Dalrymple 1965[-]
British
travel writer and journalist
Travel
Writing
In Xanadu: A Quest, 1989
City of Djinns: A Year in Delhi, 1993
“Beyond Turkman Gate”, “Breaking the
Fast”, “The Other Raj”, and “A Sufi Spring” in Travelers’ Tales: India, edited by James O’Reilly and Larry Habegger,
1995
Stones of the Raj, television scripts, 1997
From the Holy Mountain: A Journey in the Shadow of Byzantium, 1997; as From the Holy Mountain: A Journey Among the Christians of the Middle East,
1998
The Age of Kali: Indian Travels and Encounters, 1998; as At the Court of the Fish-Eyed Goddess: Travels in the Indian Subcontinent,
1998
“Foreword” in Sacred India, by Masood Hayat et
al., 1999
“Shiva’s Matted Locks”, “City of Djinns”,
and “Doubting Thomas” for Indian
Journeys, television scripts, 2000
Damascus
Travel
Writing
Anonymous,
Familiar Letters from a Gentleman at Damascus,
to His Sister in London … Also an Account of the Lives, Travels,
Miracles, Sufferings and Deaths of Our Blessed Saviour, and His
Apostles, 1750
The
anonymous author introduces himself as “...a
considerable merchant, who had resided several years at Damascus
and Aleppo ...” He evidently knew Damascus very well, but
his descriptions are historically and topographically matter-of-fact,
and he spends a long time on politics.
Anonymous
[C.G], A Fortnight’s Tour
amongst the Arabs on Mount Lebanon, Including a Visit to Damascus,
Ba’albek, etc., 1876
An
ecstatic thesaurus of superlatives. “C.G.” is excited about everything,
but hardly enough happened in his fortnight to warrant a book.
Bell,
Gertrude, The Desert and
the Sown, 1907
Bell,
Gertrude, Letters of Gertrude
Bell, edited by Lady Bell, 1927
Biddulph,
William, The Trauels of
Certaine Englishmen into Africa, Asia, Troy, Bythinia, Thracia
and to the Blacke Sea; and into Syria, Cilicia, Pisidia, Mesopotamia,
Damascus, Canaan, Galile, Samaria, Iudea, Palestina, Ierusalem,
Iericho, and to the Red Sea, and to Sundry Other Places: Begunne
in the Yeere of Iubile 1600, and by Some of Them Finished in This
Yeere 1608 -- the Others Not Yet Returned, 1609; facsimile,
1968
Four
letters describing the travels of William Biddulph, Jeffrey Kirbie,
Edward Abbot, John Elkin and Jasper Tyon. Compiled from letters
by William and Peter Biddulph to Bezaliell Biddulph, by Theophilus
Lavender.
Buckingham,
James Silk, Travels among
the Arab Tribes Inhabiting the Countries East of Syria and Palestine;
Including a Journey from Nazareth to the Mountains beyond the
Dead Sea, and from thence through the Plains of the Hauran to
Bozra, Damascus and Aleppo; with an Appendix, Containing a Refutation
of Certain Unfounded Calumnies Industriously Circulated against
the Author, 1825
Buckingham,
an old India hand, did this trip in 1816. It is shallow, chilly,
self-regarding writing, and the observations on Damascus are full
of statistics and verbal line-drawings.
Byron,
Robert, The Road to Oxiana,
1937
Byron
travelled in Cyprus, Palestine, Syria, Iraq, Persia, Afghanistan
and India in 1933[-]34. This remarkable travel diary is the result.
On reaching Damascus he wrote: “Here is the East in its pristine
confusion”. He touches only lightly on Damascus, which is a great
shame.
Coryate,
Thomas, “Master Thomas Coryates Travels to, and Observations in
Constantinople and Other Places in the Way Thither” in Purchas
His Pilgrimes, edited by Samuel Purchas, 4 vols, 1625; reprinted
as Hakluytus Posthumus, 20 vols, 1905[-]07
Farman,
Samuel, Damascus, and Some
of Its Recollections, 1857
The
text of a very Victorian lecture by a very Victorian clergyman,
looking back at two earlier trips to Damascus and painting the
city in heavy orientalist purple.
Frescobaldi,
Leonardo, Giorgio Gucci and Simone Sigoli, Visit
to the Holy Places of Egypt, Sinai, Palestine, and Syria, in 1384,
translated by Theophilus Bellorini and Eugene Hoade, 1948
Green,
John, A Journey from Aleppo
to Damascus, with a Description of Those Two Cities and the Neighbouring
Parts of Syria: To Which Is Added, an Account of the Maronites
Inhabiting Mount Libanus … also the Surprising Adventures and Tragical
End of Mostafa, a Turk, 1736
Harff,
Arnold von, The Pilgrimage
of Arnold von Harff … Which He Accomplished in the Years 1496
to 1499, translated by Malcolm Letts, 1946
Harvey,
Annie Jane, Our Cruise in
the Claymore, with a Visit to Damascus and the Lebanon, 1861
Hogg,
Edward, Visit to Alexandria,
Damascus, and Jerusalem, during the Successful Campaign of Ibrahim
Pasha, 2 vols, 1835
Ibn
Battuta, Travels in Asia
and Africa 1325[-]1354, translated by H.A.R. Gibb, 1929
Ibn
Jubayr, The Travels of Ibn
Jubayr, translated by R.J.C. Broadhurst, 1952
Jones,
George, Excursion to Cairo,
Jerusalem, Damascus and Balbec, from the United States Ship, Delaware,
during Her Recent Cruise, 1836
Jones
was a chaplain in the US Navy. His writing is rather constipated
and blandly factual, very much on the “First we went there, and
it was brown: then we went there and it was brown too” model.
Kelman,
John, From Damascus to Palmyra,
1908
With
wonderful paintings by Margaret Thomas.
Kinglake,
Alexander William, Eothen;
or, Traces of Travel Brought Home from the East, 1844
Kinnear,
John G., Cairo, Petra and
Damascus, in 1839; with Remarks on the Government of Mehemet Ali,
and on the Present Prospects of Syria, 1841
La
Brocquière, Bertrandon de, The
Travels of Bertrandon de La Brocquière to Palestine, and His Return
from Jerusalem Overland to France during the Years 1432 and 1433,
translated by Thomas Jones, 1807
Lear,
Edward, Journals of a Landscape
Painter in Albania, Illyria &,
2nd edition, 1852
Lithgow,
William, Discourse of a
Peregrination in Europe, Asia, and Affricke, 1614; facsimile,
1971
Mackintosh,
Mrs, Damascus and Its People:
Sketches of Modern Life in Syria, 1883
Manrique,
Sebastião, Manrique, Sebastião, Itinerario
de las missiones que hizo el Padre F. Sebastião Manrique Religioso
Eremita de S. Agustin Missionario Apostolico treze años en varias
Missiones del India Oriental, 1649; as Travels
of Fray Sebastien Manrique 1629[-]1643, edited by C. Eckford
Luard, 2 vols, 1927
Margoliouth,
D.S., Cairo, Jerusalem and
Damascus: Three Chief Cities of the Egyptian Sultans, 1907
Martineau,
Harriet, Eastern Life, Present
and Past, 3 vols, 1848
Mandeville,
John, The Voiage and Travaile
of Sir John Maundevile, Which Treateth of the Way to Hierusalem,
and of Marvayles of Inde, with other Ilands and Countryes,
1725
Maundrell,
Henry, A Journey from Aleppo
to Jerusalem at Easter, ad
1697, 1703; facsimile of the 1810 edition, with an introduction
by David Howell, 1963
Mukkadasi,
Description of Syria, Including Palastine,
translated by Guy Le Strange, 1886
Niebuhr,
Carsten, Beschreibung von
Arabien, 1772; abridged edition as Travels
through Arabia, vol. 2, translated by Robert Heron, 1792
Paton,
Andrew Archibald, The Modern
Syrians; or, Native Society in Damascus, Aleppo, and the Mountains
of the Druses, from Notes Made in Those Parts during the Years
1841, 2, 3, by an Oriental Student, 1844
Pococke,
Richard, A Description of
the East, and Some Other Countries, 1743[-]45
Porter,
Josias Leslie, Five Years
in Damascus … with Travels and Researches in Palmyra, Lebanon
and the Hauran, 2 vols, 1855
Richardson,
Robert, Travels along the
Mediterranean and Parts Adjacent … Extending as far as the Second
Cataract of the Nile, Jerusalem, Damascus, Balbec &, 2
vols, 1822
Damascus
is very much an afterthought in this classic account of a Near
Eastern Grand Tour. It is dealt with rather dutifully, with none
of the breathless energy Richardson brings to Cairo or Jerusalem.
Schiltberger,
Johannes, The Bondage and
Travels of Johann Schiltberger, a Native of Bavaria, in Europe,
Asia and Africa, 1396[-]1427, translated by J. Buchanan
Telfer, 1879; reprinted, 1970
Sinclair,
Olivia, Impressions of Cairo,
Jerusalem, and Damascus, 1876
One
of a series of prosaic little travel pamphlets -- the diaries
of a stiff Scotswoman who gives nothing of herself away.
Stanhope,
Hester, Memoirs of the Lady
Hester Stanhope, as Related by Herself in Conversations with Her
Physician, 3 vols, 1845
Stanhope,
Hester, Travels of Lady
Hester Stanhope, Forming the Completion of Her Memoirs, Narrated
by Her Physician, 3 vols, 1846
Stark,
Freya, Letters from Syria,
1942
Stewart,
Frederick William Robert, Viscount Castlereagh, A Journey to Damascus: Through Egypt, Nubia, Arabia Petraea, Palestine
and Syria, 2 vols, 1847
A
genial, straightforward, conversational, unusually unpatronizing
travel diary, illustrated with some beautiful engravings.
Thévenot,
Jean de, Relation d’un voyage
fait au Levant, 3 vols: 1664[-]84; as The
Travels of Monsieur de Thevenot into the Levant, 1687
Thompson,
Charles, The Travels of
the Late Charles Thompson, Esq; Containing His Observations on
France, Italy, Turkey in Europe, the Holy Land, Arabia, Egypt,
and Many Other Parts of the World, 1744
There
was no Charles Thompson. There were no travels, or at least not
to Damascus. Wonderful.
Thubron,
Colin, Mirror to Damascus,
1967
Valle,
Pietro della, Viaggi di
Pietro della Valle il Pellegrino, 4 vols, 1650[-]63
Volney,
Constantin François, Comte de, Voyage
en Syrie et en Égypte, 2 vols, 1787; as Travels
through Syria and Egypt, 1787
Further Reading
Chehabe ed-Dine, Saïd,
Géographie humaine de Beyrouth, Beirut, 1960
Grant,
Christina Phelps, The Syrian
Desert: Caravans, Travel and Exploration, London: A. and C.
Black, 1937; New York: Macmillan, 1938
Harry,
Myriam, Damas, jardin de
l’Islam, Paris: Ferenczi, 1948
Hitti,
Philip Khuri, Capital Cities
of Arab Islam, Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press,
1973
Hitti,
Philip Khuri, History of
Syria, Including Lebanon and Palestine, London: Macmillan,
1951
Joris,
Lieve, De poorten van Damascus,
Amsterdam: Muntinga, 1993; as
The Gates of Damascus, translated by Sam Garrett, Melbourne,
Oakland, California and London: Lonely Planet, 1996
Keenan,
Brigid and Tim Beddow, Damascus: Hidden Treasures of the Old City, London and New York: Thames and Hudson, 2000
Kiesling, Hans von, Damaskus: altes
und neues aus Syrien, Leipzig: Dieterich, 1919
Kremer,
Alfred von, Baron, Damascus
and the Court of the Omayyads, translated by S. Khuda Bukhsh,
Calcutta: Imperial Press, 1906
Selection
from Kremer’s Culturgeschichte
des Orients.
Le
Strange, Guy, Palestine
under the Moslems: A Description of Syria and the Holy Land from
ad 650 to 1500,
Translated from the Works of the Mediaeval Arab Geographers,
London: Watt, and Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1890; reprinted, New
York: AMS Press, 1975
Maibaum,
Hans, Syrien, Kreuzweg der
Völker: eine Reise durch Geschichte und Gegenwart des Vorderen
Orients, Leipzig: Brockhaus, 1976
Rawlinson,
George, St Paul in Damascus
and Arabia, London: Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge,
and New York: E. and J.B. Young, 1877
William Dampier 1651[-]1715
English
buccaneer, explorer, and travel writer
Travel
Writing
A New Voyage round the World, 1697
Voyages and Descriptions, Part II, 1699;
edited by N.M. Penzer, Clennell Wilkinson and A.C. Bell, 1931
A Voyage to New Holland &c. in the Year
1699, Part 1, 1703; Part 2, 1709; edited by James Spencer,
1981
Captain’s Dampier’s Vindication of his Voyage
to the South Seas, 1707
Dampier’s Voyages, edited by John Masefield (contains all of Dampier), 2 vols, 1906
William Dampier: Buccaneer Explorer, edited
and with an introduction by Gerald Norris, 1994
Further
Reading
Adams,
Percy G., Travel Literature
and the Evolution of the Novel, Lexington: University Press
of Kentucky, 1983
Baer,
Joel H., “William Dampier at the Crossroads: New Light on the
‘Missing Years’, 1691[-]1697”, International
Journal of Maritime History, 8/2 (December 1996): 97[-]117
Beaglehole,
J.C., The Exploration of
the Pacific, London: A. and C. Black, 1934; 3rd edition, London:
A. and C. Black, and Stanford, California: Stanford University
Press, 1966
Bennett,
J.H., “William Dampier, Buccaneer and Planter”, History Today, 14/7 (July 1964): 469[-]77
Bonner,
William Hallam, Captain
William Dampier, Buccaneer-Author, Stanford, California: Stanford
University Press, 1934
Cockburn,
Elizabeth O., William Dampier,
Buccaneer-Explorer-Hydrographer, Sherborne, Dorset: Shelley,
1987
Cooke,
Edward, A Voyage to the
South Sea and Round the World, London: Lintot and Gosling,
1712
An
account of the 1708[-]11 privateering voyage captained by Woodes
Rogers, in which Dampier served as pilot.
Edwards,
Philip, “William Dampier” in his The
Story of the Voyage: Sea-Narratives in Eighteenth-Century England,
Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press, 1994
Funnell,
William, A Voyage round
the World, Containing an Account of Captain Dampier’s Expedition
into the South-Seas in the Ship St George in 1703 and 1704,
London: James Knapton, 1707
A
hostile account of Dampier’s conduct as captain, which prompted
Dampier’s Vindication of 1707.
Gill,
Anton, The Devil’s Mariner:
A Life of William Dampier, Pirate and Explorer, 1651[-]1715,
London: Michael Joseph, 1997
Argues
persuasively for a September 1651 birth-date for Dampier, as opposed
to the previously accepted date of 8 June 1652.
Lamb,
Jonathan, Preserving the
Self in the South Seas, 1680[-]1840, Chicago: University of
Chicago Press, 2001
A
highly erudite, not to say daunting study, but in its examination
of the narratives of privateering and buccaneering voyages it
makes many insightful references to Dampier.
Lloyd,
Christopher, William Dampier,
London: Faber, and Hamden, Connecticut: Archon Books, 1966
Marchant,
Leslie K., An Island unto
Itself: William Dampier and New Holland, Victoria Park, Western
Australia: Hesperian, 1988
Rediker,
Marcus, Between the Devil
and the Deep Blue Sea: Merchant Seamen, Pirates and the Anglo-American
Maritime World, 1700[-]1750, Cambridge and New York: Cambridge
University Press, 1987
Rennie,
Neil, Far-Fetched Facts:
The Literature of Travel and the Idea of the South Seas, Oxford:
Clarendon Press, 1995
Rogers,
Bertram M.H., “Dampier’s Voyage of 1703”, Mariner’s
Mirror, 10 (1924): 366[-]81
Rogers,
Woodes, A Cruising Voyage
round the World, London: Bell and Lintot, 1712; edited with
an introduction by G.E. Manwaring, London: Cassell, and New York:
Longmans Green, 1928
Dampier
served as pilot on this voyage, during which Selkirk was rescued
from Juan Fernández.
Shipman,
Joseph C., William Dampier:
Seaman, Scientist, Lawrence: University of Kansas Libraries,
1962
Wafer,
Lionel, A New Voyage and
Description of the Isthmus of America, London: James Knapton,
1699; edited with an introduction by L.E. Elliott Joyce, Oxford:
Hakluyt Society, 1934
Wafer
was the surgeon in the party with which Dampier re-crossed the
Isthmus of America in 1681.
Welbe,
John, An Answer to Captain
Dampier’s Vindication, London: Bragge, undated but c.1707
A
riposte to Dampier’s own riposte to Funnell’s accusations about
the conduct of the 1703[-]04 voyage.
Wilkinson,
Clennell, William Dampier,
London: John Lane, 1929
Danube River
Travel Writing
Arnold,
Guy, Down the Danube: From
the Black Forest to the Black Sea, London: Cassell, 1989
Arrian, The
Life of Alexander the Great, translated by Aubrey de Sélincourt,
1958; also as History of
Alexander and Indica, translated by P.A. Brunt, 2 vols, 1976[-]83
(Loeb edition)
Browne, Edward, “Journey from Colen to Vienna,”
in An Account of Several
Travels, 1677
Fermor,
Patrick Leigh, A Time of
Gifts: On Foot to Constantinople, from the Hook of Holland to
the Middle Danube, 1977
Fermor,
Patrick Leigh, Between the
Woods and the Water: On Foot to Constantinople, from the Hook
of Holland: The Middle Danube to the Iron Gates, 1986
Klaudy,
Klinga, The Danube Bend,
A Landscape Set in Time, photographs by Andre Balla et
al., 1994
Magris,
Claudio, Danube: A Sentimental
Journey from the Source to the Black Sea, translated from
the Italian by Patrick Creagh, 1989
Pierre,
Bernard, Le Roman du Danube,
1987
Strabo,
The Geography, translated by H.L. Jones,
8 vols, 1917[-]33 (Loeb edition; several reprints)
Trost,
Ernst, Die Donau: Lebenslauf
eines Stromes, 1968
Further Reading
Buchan,
John, Greenmantle, London:
Hodder and Stoughton, and New York: Doran, 1916
Davies,
Norman, Europe: A History,
Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press, 1996
Focas,
Spiridon G., The Lower Danube
River in the Southeastern European Political and Economic Complex
from Antiquity to the Conference of Belgrade of 1948, translated
by Rozeta J. Metes, Boulder, Colorado: East European Monographs,
1987
Ludwig,
Emil, Napoleon, translated
by Eden Paul and Cedar Paul, New York: Boni and Liveright, 1926;
London: Allen and Unwin, 1927
Charles Robert Darwin 1809[-]1882
British
scientist
Travel
Writing
Journal of Researches into the Geology and
Natural History of Various Countries visited by HMS Beagle,
under the Command of Captain Fitzroy, R.N., from 1832 to 1836 (vol.
3 of Narrative of the Surveying
Voyages of His Majesty’s Ships Adventure and Beagle, edited
by Robert Fitzroy), 1839; revised edition, 1845; as The
Voyage of the Beagle, 1909
The Structure and Distribution of Coral Reefs:
Being the First Part of
the Geology of the Voyage of the Beagle, 1842
Geological Observations on the Volcanic Islands
Visited during the Voyage of HMS Beagle, Together with Some Brief Notices on the Geology of Australia and the Cape of Good Hope: Being the Second
Part of the Geology of the Voyage of the Beagle, under the Command
of Capt. Fitzroy … during the Years 1832 to 1836, 1844
Geological Observations on South America:
Being the Third Part of
the Geology of the Voyage of the Beagle, 1846
Charles Darwin’s Diary of the Voyage of HMS
Beagle, edited by Nora Barlow, 1933
Further
Reading
Browne,
Janet, Charles Darwin: A
Biography, vol. 1: Voyaging,
London: Jonathan Cape, and New York: Knopf, 1995
Darwin,
Charles, The Correspondence,
edited by Frederick Burkhardt and Sydney Smith, vol. 1: 1821[-]36, Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press, 1985
Desmond,
Adrian and James Moore, Darwin,
London: Michael Joseph, and New York: Viking Penguin, 1991
Grove,
Richard H., Green Imperialism:
Colonial Expansion, Tropical Island Edens and the Origins of Environmentalism,
1600[-]1860, Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University
Press, 1995
Situates
Darwin’s travels in the context of environmentalist thought and
practice in the colonies.
Kohn,
David, “The Aesthetic Construction of Darwin’s Theory” in The Elusive Synthesis: Aesthetics and Science, edited by Alfred I.
Tauber, Dordrecht: Kluwer, 1996: 13[-]48
Examines
the way in which Darwin’s aestheticized modes of perception on
the Beagle were mediated by encounters with
Romantic culture, and their impact on his formation of the theory
of natural selection.
Armand David 1826[-]1900
French
missionary and natural historian
Travel
Writing
“Journal
d’un voyage en Mongolie fait en 1866”, bulletin appended to the
Nouvelles archives du muséum national d’histoire
naturelle, 3 (1867): 3[-]83
Recherches pour servir à l’histoire naturelle
des mammifères: comprenant des considérations sur la classification
de ces animaux, with A. Milne-Edwards, 1868[-]74
“Journal
d’un voyage dans le centre de la Chine et dans le Thibet Oriental”,
three bulletins appended to the Nouvelles
archives du Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, 8 (1872):
3[-]128; 9 (1873): 15[-]48; 10 (1874): 3[-]82
Journal de mon troisième voyage d’exploration
dans l’empire chinois, 2 vols, 1875
Les Oiseaux de la Chine, with M.E. Oustalet,
1877
Plantae Davidianae ex sinarum imperio (catalogue of his botanical collections), 2 vols,
1884[-]88
Abbé David’s Diary: Being an Account of the
French Naturalist’s Journeys and Observations in China in the
Years 1866 to 1869, edited and translated by Helen M. Fox,
1949
Further
Reading
Catton,
Chris, Pandas, London:
Christopher Helm, 1990
Dictionnaire de biographie française, vol.
10, edited by Roman D’Amat and R. Limouzin-Lamothe, Paris: Letouzey
et Ane, 1965
Laidler,
Keith and Liz Laidler, Pandas:
Giants of the Bamboo Forest, London: BBC Books, 1992
Morris,
Ramona and Desmond Morris, Men
and Pandas, London: Hutchinson, 1966; New York: McGraw-Hill,
1967; as The Giant Panda, revised by Jonathan Barzdo, London: Kogan Page, 1981;
New York: Penguin, 1982
Schaller,
George B., The Last Panda:
With a New Afterword, Chicago: University of Chicago Press,
1994
Alexandra David-Néel 1868[-]1969
French
travel writer and Tibetan and Sanskrit scholar
Travel Writing
Pour la vie,
1898; re-edited in her En
Chine, 1969
Souvenirs d’une parisienne au Thibet, 1925, as Voyage
d’une parisienne à Lhassa, 1927; as My
Journey to Lhasa, 1927, with an introduction by Peter Hopkirk,
1983, with foreword by His Holiness the Dalai Lama and introduction
by Diana Rowan, 1993
Mystiques et magiciens du Thibet, 1929; as Magic
and Mystery in Tibet, 1932; many reprints
Initiations lamaïques, 1930, revised edition, 1957; as Initiations
and Initiates in Tibet, translated by Fred Rothwell, 1931,
reprinted, 1970
Au Pays des brigands gentilshommes: grand Tibet, 1933; as Tibetan Journey, 1936
Le Bouddhisme:ses doctrines, ses méthodes, 1936, revised as Le Bouddhisme du Bouddha, 1960; as Buddhism: Its Doctrines and Methods, translated by H.N.M. Hardy and
Bernard Miall, 1939, reprinted, 1977
Magie d’amour et magie noire: scènes du Tibet inconnu, 1938; as Tibetan Tale of Love and Magic, translated by Vidar l’Estrange, 1983
Sous des nuées d’orage, 1940
A l’Ouest barbare de la vaste Chine, 1947
Au coeur des Himalayas: le Népal, 1949
L’Inde Hier, aujourd’hui, demain, 1951, as L’Inde
où j’ai vécu, avant et après l’indépendance, 1969
Les Enseignements secrets dans les sectes Bouddhistes tibétaines, 1951, 2nd edition, 1961; as The Secret Oral Teachings in Tibetan Buddhist
Sects, translated by H.N.M. Hardy, 1967
Textes Tibétains inédits, translated by David-Néel, 1952
Le Vieux Tibet face à la Chine nouvelle, 1953
Le Sortilège du mystère, 1972
Vivre au Tibet: Cuisine, traditions, et images, 1975; as Gargantua aux pays des neiges, 1993
Journal de voyage: lettres à son mari (11 août 1904[-]27
décembre 1917) and (14
janvier 1918[-]31 décembre 1940), edited by Marie-Madeleine
Peyronnet, 2 vols, 1975-76
Le Tibet d’Alexandra David-Néel, edited by Françoise Borin, 1979
Grand Tibet et vaste Chine: récits et aventures, with a preface by Marie-Madeleine
Peyronnet, 1994
Further Reading
Brosse, Jacques, Alexandra David-Néel: l'aventure et la spiritualité,
new edition, Paris: Retz, 1978
This biography includes a dictionary
of Sanskrit and Tibetan words used frequently by David-Néel.
Chalon, Jean, Le Lumineux destin d’Alexandra David-Néel, Paris: Perrin, 1985
A biography with insights into David-Néel’s
intellectual and spiritual journey.
Désiré-Marchand, Joëlle, Les Itinéraires d’Alexandra David-Néel: l’Espace
géographique d’une recherche
intérieure, Paris:
Arthaud, 1996
The author, a professor of Geography
at the University of Amiens, traces the geographical and spiritual
path of David-Néel. Text includes maps and itineraries of her
travels.
Désiré-Marchand, Joëlle, Alexandra
David-Néel: de Paris à Lhassa, de l’aventure à la sagesse,
Paris: Arthaud, 1997
An excellent collection of photographs
and travel maps, with commentary by Désiré-Marchand, in collaboration
with Frank Tréguier and Marie-Madeleine Peyronnet of the Fondation
David-Néel in Digne.
Foster, Barbara and Michael Foster,
Forbidden Journey: The Life of Alexandra David-Néel,
San Francisco: Harper and Row, 1987
This biography includes a select bibliography.
McColley, Margaret, “‘Where the Heart
Lies’: Alexandra David-Néel’s ‘Home’ in the Himalayas”, in Gender, Genre and Identity in Women’s Travel
Writing, edited by Kristi Siegel, New York: Peter Lang, 2002
A scholarly article in a collection
devoted to women travellers and identity.
Middleton, Ruth, Alexandra David-Néel: Portrait of an Adventurer, Boston: Shambala,
1989
The author of this biography is a sculptor
and writer who lives in France and the United States.
Peyronnet, Marie-Madeleine, Dix ans avec Alexandra David-Néel, Paris:
Plon, 1973
This portrait of David-Néel, written
by the director of the Fondation David-Néel is the story of the
last ten years of David-Néel’s life and Peyronnet’s service to
her.
Peyronnet, Marie-Madeleine and Frank
Tréguier, Alexandra David-Néel:
la femme aux semelles de vent (CD-ROM), Digne-les-Bains, France:
Fondation David-Néel, 1997
An important biographical CD-ROM developed
by the Fondation Alexandra David-Néel, including travel photographs,
itineraries, and annotated bibliography.
Yongden, Lama, with Alexandra David-Néel,
La Puissance du néant: roman
tibétain, Paris: Plon, 1954; as The
Power of Nothingness, translated by Janwillem van de Wetering,
Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1982
Written
by David-Néel’s travelling companion of many years, the Lama Aphur
Yongden; with a preface by David-Néel.
John Davis 1550(?)[-]1605
British
sailor and explorer
Travel Writing
The Seamans Secrets, 1594; facsimile with an introduction by A.N. Ryan,
1992
The Worldes Hydrographical Description, 1595
The Voyages
and Works of John Davis the Navigator, edited and with an introduction by Albert Hastings Markham, 1880
Markham includes all the works of Davis, and of
Jane(s), relevant correspondence by him, and a selection of works
and correspondence by others that illustrate his career.
Further Reading
Hakluyt,
Richard (editor), The Principal
Navigations, Voyages, & Discoveries of the English Nation,
Made by Sea or Over Land, to the Most Remote and Farthest Corners
of the Earth, 1589; revised edition as The
Principal Navigations, Voyages, Traffiques & and Discoveries
of the English Nation, 3 vols, London: Bishop Newberie and
Barker, 1598[-]1600; 12 vols, Glasgow: James MacLehose, 1903[-]05;
facsimile, 2 vols, 1965
Hakluyt includes the accounts of Davis’s three voyages
to the north.
Daniel Defoe 1660[-]1731
English
merchant, secret agent, journalist, and novelist
Travel
Writing
The Life and Strange Surprising Adventures
of Robinson Crusoe of York, Mariner, 1719
The Farther Adventures of Robinson Crusoe,
1719
The Life, Adventures, and Piracies of the Famous
Captain Singleton, 1720
A Tour thro’ the Whole Island of Great Britain,
3 vols, 1724[-]26
A New Voyage round the World, by a Course Never
Sailed Before, 1724
The Four Years Voyages of Capt. George Roberts,
1726
Madagascar; or, Robert Drury’s Journal, during
Fifteen Years Captivity on That Island, 1729
Further
Reading
Bell,
Ian A., Defoe’s Fiction, London: Croom Helm, and New York: Barnes
and Noble, 1985
Literary
criticism of Defoe’s major works of fiction.
Earle,
Peter, The World of Defoe,
London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1976; New York: Atheneum, 1977
Examines
the historical context in which Defoe lived and worked.
Hammond,
J.R., A Defoe Companion, London: Macmillan, and Lanham, Maryland:
Barnes and Noble, 1993
A
reader’s guide to Defoe’s works, including a location guide and
a Defoe dictionary.
Rogers,
Pat (editor), Defoe: The
Critical Heritage, London and Boston: Routledge and Kegan
Paul, 1972
A
short collection of essays on Defoe’s works.
Della Valle, Pietro 1586[-]1652
Italian
traveller and antiquarian
Travel
Writing
Viaggi de Pietro della Valle il pellegrino,
1650 (part 1 only, La Turchia)
Viaggi di Pietro della Valle il pellegrino
descritti da lui medesimo in lettere familiari all’erudito suo
amico Mario Schipano, 3 vols in 4 books, including La
Turchia, 1662; La Persia,
1658; and L’India, 1663;
critical edition, for the first half of the second part only:
I viaggi di Pietro della
Valle: Lettere dalla Persia, edited by Franco Gaeta and Laurence
Lockhart, 1972; for the third part only, in English: The Travels of Sig. Pietro della Valle into
East India and Arabia deserta, translated by George Havers,
1665; edited by Edward Gray, 2 vols, 1892, reprinted 1991;
as The Pilgrim: The
Travels of Pietro Della Valle, translated and edited by George
Bull (abridged version of the whole journey), 1990
Nel funerale de Sitti Maani Gioerida sua consorte,
1627
Delle conditioni di Abbàs rè di Persia,
1628
“Informatione
della Giorgia” in Relations
de divers voyages curieux, qui n’ont point esté publiées,
by Melchisédec Thévenot, 1663
Letters in Antiquitates Ecclesiae Orientalis,
by Jean Morin et al.,
edited by Richard Simon, 1682
Selected Manuscripts
Biblioteca
Apostolica Vaticana, MS Ottob. 3,382 (the original journal of
della Valle, covering the years 1616[-]1626)
Further Reading
Almagià,
Roberto, “Per una conoscenza più completa della figura dell’opera
di Pietro della Valle”, Rendiconti
dell’Accademia dei Lincei, 8/6 (1951): 375[-]81
Andreu,
F., “Carteggio inedito di Pietro della Valle col P. Avitabile
e i missionari Teatini della Georgia”, Regnum
Dei -- Collectanea Theatina, 23/24 (1950): 57[-]99; 25 (1951):
19[-]50; 26/27 (1951): 118[-]38
Bellori,
Gian Pietro, “Vita di Pietro della Valle il pellegrino”, preface
to della Valle’s Viaggi,
vol. 1, Rome: Turchia, 1662
Bonini,
Francesco Maria, “Vita di Pietro della Valle”, preface to della
Valle’s Viaggi, Venice, 1667
Bietenholz,
Peter G., Pietro della Valle,
1586[-]1652: Studien zur Geschichte der Orientkenntnis und des
Orientbildes im Abendlande, Basel: Helbing & Lichtenhahn,
1962
Blunt,
Wilfrid, Pietro’s Pilgrimage:
A Journey to India and Back at the Beginning of the Seventeenth
Century, London: Barrie, 1953
Ciampi,
Ignazio, Della vita e delle
opera di Pietro della Valle il Pellegrino, Rome, 1880
Gurney,
J.D., “Pietro della Valle and the Limits of Perception”, Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, 49 (1986):
193[-]216
Rossi,
E. “Versi Turchi e altri scritti inediti di Pietro della Valle”,
Revista degli Studi Orientali, 22 (1947):
92[-]98
Rubiés,
Joan-Pau, Travel and Ethnology
in the Renaissance: South India through European Eyes, 1250[-]1625,
Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press, 2000
Teltscher,
Kate, India Inscribed: European
and British Writing on India 1600[-]1800, Delhi: Oxford University
Press, 1997
Dixon Denham 1786[-]1828
British
traveller in the Sahara and Sudan
Travel
Writing
Narrative of Travels and Discoveries in Northern
and Central Africa in the Years 1822, 1823 and 1824, 1826;
2nd edition, in two vols, 1826 [with fewer appendices and illustrations].
Travels and Discoveries in Northern and Central
Africa in 1822, 1823 and 1824: With a Short Account of Clapperton
and Lander’s Second Journey in 1825, 1826 and 1827, 4 vols, 1831
Missions to the Niger, edited by E.W. Bovill,
4 vols, 1964[-]66
Volumes
II and III introduce, annotate and reprint Denham’s Narrative from the 2nd edition of 1826.
Further Reading
Boahen,
A. Adu, Britain, the Sahara,
and the Western Sudan, 1788[-]1861, Oxford: Clarendon Press,
1964
A
definitive account of the official context of the expedition and
the areas involved.
Brenner,
Louis, The Shehus of Kukawa:
A History of the al-Kanemi Dynasty of Bornu, Oxford: Oxford
University Press, 1973
Background
on Bornu and the African ruler with whom Denham most closely and
importantly associated.
Curtin,
Philip D., The Image of
Africa: British Ideas and Action, 1780[-]1850, Madison: University
of Wisconsin Press, 1964; London: Macmillan, 1965
Intellectual
background to the British West African activities.
Fleming,
Fergus, Barrow’s Boys,
London: Granta, 1998; New York: Atlantic Monthly Press, 2000
Well-referenced
account of explorers, including Denham, associated with Barrow
but virulently critical of him and ill-informed on Africa.
Hallett,
Robin, The Penetration of
Africa: European Enterprise and Exploration Principally in Northern
and Western Africa up to 1830, London: Routledge and Kegan
Paul, and New York: Praeger, 1965 (vol. 1 only published)
Probably
the best modern general account of West African exploration.
Johnston,
H.A.S., Denham in Bornu:
An Account of the Exploration of Bornu between 1823 and 1825 by
Major Dixon Denham, Dr Oudney, and Commander Hugh Clapperton,
and of their Dealings with Sheik Muhammad El Amin El Kanemi,
Pittsburgh: Duquesne University Press, 1973
A
locally and historically informed account.
Semyon Ivanovich Dezhnev c.1608[-]after
1672
Russian
explorer
Travel
Writing
“Nachrichten
von Seereisen und zur Seegemachten Entdeckungen”, Sammlung Russischer Geschichte, 9/1 (1758)
Voyages from Asia to America for Completing
the Discoveries of the North West Coast of America: To Which is
Prefixed a Summary of the Voyages Made by the Russians on the
Frozen Sea, in Search of a North East Passage, 1761
“Semen Dezhnev (1638[-]1671 gg): Novye dannye
i peresmotr starukh” [Semen Dezhnev (1638[-]1671): New Materials
and a Revision of Old Ones], Zhurnal
Ministerstva narodnogo prosvyashcheniya, 272/11 (1890)
The Voyage
of Semen Dezhnev in 1648: Bering’s Precursor, With Selected Documents,
edited by Raymond H. Fisher, 1981
Further
Reading
Belov,
M.I., Semen Dezhnev, 1648[-]1948:
K trekhsotletiyu otkrytiya proliva mezhdu Aziey i Amerikoy
[Semen Dezhnev, 1648[-]1948: On the 300th Anniversary of the Discovery
of the Straits between Asia and America], Moscow, 1948
Belov,
M.I., Semen Dezhnev,
Moscow: Morskoi Transport, 1955
Belov,
M.I., Podvig Semena Dezhneva
[Semen Dezhnev’s Exploit], Moscow: Mysl’, 1973
Kadek,
M.G., “Semen Ivanovich Dezhnev”, Lyudi
Russkoy nauki (1948): 525[-]33
Nikitin,
N.I., Zemleprokhodets Semen
Dezhnev i ego vremya [Trail Finder Semen Dezhnev and His Time],
Moscow: ROSSPEN, 1999
Samoilov,
V.A., Semen Dezhnev i ego
Vremia [Semen Dezhnev and His Time], Moscow: Glavsemorputi,
1945
Diaries
Travel Diaries
Bartlett, John Russell, Personal Narrative of Explorations and Incidents
in Texas, New Mexico, California, Sonora, and Chihuahua, Connected
with the United States and Mexican Boundary Commission during
the Years 1850, ’51, ’52 and ’53, 2 vols, 1854
The Commission leader’s wide-ranging
daily account of everything from food shortages, illnesses, and
visits with settlers, to catalogues of the region’s botanical,
zoological, ethnological, and linguistic diversity.
Beauvoir, Simone de, L’Amérique au jour le jour, 1948; as America Day by Day, translated by Patrick
Dudley, 1952
An outsider’s view of American landscape
and culture, at once loving and, subtly, critical.
Bligh, William, A Narrative of the Mutiny, on Board His Britannic Majesty’s Ship Bounty:
and the Subsequent Voyage of Part of the Crew, in the Ship’s Boat,
from Tofoa, One of the Friendly Islands, to Timor, a Dutch Settlement
in the East Indies, 1790
Provides the captain’s perspective
on the famous mutiny, primarily through entries from his diary.
Blunt, Anne, A Pilgrimage to Nejd: The Cradle of the Arab Race, 1881
The first Western woman to visit Nejd,
the bedouin territory in Saudi Arabia, describes her trip largely
through diary entries, providing copious details about places,
people, and travelling, as well as the Arabian horses she and
her husband set out to purchase.
Boswell, James, The Journal of a Tour to the Hebrides, 1785
Account of a trip with Samuel Johnson,
notable as much for its portrait of Johnson as its picture of
Scotland.
Columbus, Christopher, Diarios des viajes, 1492[-]1504; as The Voyage of Christopher Columbus: Columbus’s
Own Journal of Discovery Newly Restored and Translated, translated
by John Cummins, 1992
The extant sections of the diaries
Columbus kept for King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella of Spain to
record his observations of the “New World” on his four voyages.
Cook, James, A Voyage to the Pacific Ocean: Undertaken by the Command of His Majesty,
for Making Discoveries in the Northern Hemisphere, 3 vols,
edited by John Douglas, 1784; as The
Journals of Captain James Cook on His Voyages of Discovery,
4 vols, edited by J.C. Beaglehole, 1955[-]74
Describes the British captain’s famous
trip to Hawaii where the Hawaiians supposedly welcomed him as
a god and, ultimately, killed him; the last days of his life are
recounted in the journal of Lieutenant James King.
Dana, Richard Henry, Two Years before the Mast: A Personal Narrative
of Life at Sea, 1840
The revised journal of a Harvard student’s
stint as an ordinary seaman on a voyage from Boston around Cape
Horn to California provides a thorough account of mid-19th-century
ship life, as well as a look at California just before the Gold
Rush.
Darwin, Charles, Journal of Researches into the Geology and
Natural History of the Various Countries Visited by H.M.S. Beagle,
1839
More commonly known as Voyage of the Beagle, contains observations
which led Darwin to develop the theory of natural selection.
Ennin, Ennin’s Diary: The Record of a Pilgrimage to China in Search of the Law,
translated by Edwin O. Reischauer, 1955
Translation of a manuscript diary kept
in Chinese by a Japanese Buddhist monk travelling in China (838[-]47).
Provides information about religious rituals and diplomatic maneuvering, along with events of daily life,
not to mention a shipwreck.
Fowler, John, Journal of a Tour in the State of New York in the Year 1830, 1831
Fowler sets out to provide information
for potential emigrants, particularly about agricultural pursuits,
but also visits friends and tourist sights and complains constantly
about insects.
Gammelgaard, Lene, Climbing High: A Woman’s Account of Surviving
the Everest Tragedy, 1999
Includes journal entries focusing mainly
on her emotional state in a narrative describing her preparations
to climb Mount Everest, the climb itself in May 1996, and the
tragic deaths of several fellow climbers in a storm.
Kemble, Frances Anne, Journal of a Residence on a Georgian Plantation
in 1838[-]1839, 1863
British actress’s depiction of life
in the slave-owning American South which helped further fan British
support for the North during the Civil War.
Kingsley,
Mary, Travels in West Africa:
Congo Français, Corisco and Cameroons, 1897
Kropp, Goran, Ultimate High: My Solo Ascent of Everest, 1999
Leake, William Martin, Travels in the Morea, 3 vols, 1830
Leake, William Martin, Travels in Northern Greece, 4 vols, 1835
A plethora of geographical, social,
political, and historical observations, with little information
about the daily details of travel, but based on extant manuscript
diaries.
Lewis, Meriwether and William Clark,
Original Journals of the
Lewis and Clark Expedition, 1804[-]1806, 8 vols, edited by
Rueben Gold Thwaites, 1904[-]05; as The
Journals of the Lewis and Clark Expedition, 12 vols, edited
by Gary E. Moulton, 1983[-]99
These editions contain the journals
of several members of the two-year expedition from St Louis to
the Pacific coast which opened up the American west to white travellers
and settlers. They provide copious amounts of ethnographic, geographic,
and scientific information, as well as different perspectives
on the events of the journey.
Livingstone, David, Livingstone’s Private Journals, 1815[-]53,
edited by I. Schapera, 1960
Livingstone, David, The Last Journals of David Livingstone, in
Central Africa, from 1865 to his Death, 1874
Livingstone kept his succinct diaries
throughout his 33 years in central Africa, recording his pleasure
in travelling, his anger at the slave trade, and his observations
of customs, politics, landscape, and nature.
Malinowski, Bronislaw, A Diary in the Strict Sense of the Term,
translated by Norbert Guterman, 1967
A blunt and self-absorbed depiction
of the personal side of the famous anthropologist’s field experience.
Its publication generated significant controversy over Malinowski’s
reputation and the practice of publishing private writings.
McElwee, Ross, Sherman’s March, 1986
McElwee set out to make a documentary
about General Sherman’s march to Atlanta, but ended up creating
a video diary of his own romantic quest.
Melville, Herman, Journal of a Visit to Europe and the Levant,
edited by Howard C. Horsford, 1955
Brief descriptive notes on the famous
novelist’s travels in 1856[-]57.
Morrell, Abby Jane, Narrative of a Voyage to the Ethiopic and South
Atlantic Ocean, Indian Ocean, Chinese Sea, North and South Pacific
Ocean, in the Years 1829, 1830, 1831, 1833
The American wife of the captain of
a round-the-world seal-hunting expedition (1829[-]31) revised
her diary into a narrative which focuses as much on missionaries,
trade, and the effects of colonization as on birds and flowers.
Parry, William, Journal of a Voyage for the Discovery of a North-West Passage from the
Atlantic to the Pacific, 1821; Journal
of a Second Voyage for the Discovery of a North-West Passage from
the Atlantic to the Pacific, 1824; Journal
of a Third Voyage for the Discovery of a North-West Passage from
the Atlantic to the Pacific, 1826
Self-explanatorily titled volumes kept
the British public up to date on Parry’s failed expeditions as
they occurred.
Plutschow, Herbert (translator), Four Japanese Travel Diaries of the Middle
Ages, 1981
These literary travel diaries from
1180, 1225, 1350[-]52, and 1465 offer little in the way of hard
information, but instead contain poetry, descriptions, and symbolic
place names which allude to other texts in the tradition.
Scott, Robert Falcon, Scott’s Last Expedition: The Personal Journal
of Captain R.F. Scott, on His Journey to the South Pole, 1923
Edited account of Scott’s quest to
be the first to reach the South Pole (1910[-]12). He kept his
diary till the very end and it was found with his body.
Shelley, Mary and P.B. Shelley, History of a Six Weeks’ Tour, 1817
A joint diary of travels in France,
Switzerland, and Italy after their scandalous elopement.
Spender, Stephen and David Hockney,
China Diary, 1982
Contains prose, photographs, and drawings
of their trip to China.
Stanley, Henry M., How I Found Livingstone: Travels, Adventures
and Discoveries in Central Africa, 1872
Describes the famous meeting of the
British explorers through diary entries and narrative.
Victoria, Queen, Leaves from the Journal of Our Life in the
Highlands, from 1848 to 1861, 1868
The British bestseller of 1868, this
volume was designed as a memorial to Prince Albert. Its excerpts
from the queen’s regular diary describe the couple’s life together
in Scotland.
von Ehingen, Jörg, Itinerarium, 1600; as The Diary of Jörg von Ehingen, translated
and edited by Malcolm Letts, 1929
Compiled many years after the events
it describes, this account of a young German knight’s travels
through Europe (1453[-]58) little resembles a diary, but reveals
the breadth of the term.
Walpole, Robert (editor), Memoirs Relating to European and Asiatic Turkey:
Edited from Manuscript Journals, 1817
Willard, Emma, Journal and Letters from France and Great-Britain, 1833
Account of American school-teacher’s
travels in Paris, England, and Scotland (1830[-]31), initially
circulated among friends who insisted upon its publication.
Wilson, Edmund, Red, Black, Blond, and Olive: Studies in Four Civilizations, 1956
Includes the noted American literary
critic and diarist’s journal of his 1935 visit to the USSR, first
published in 1936 when he was still pro-Communist, reprinted here
with notes indicating which of his observations he still considers
valid. Also contains accounts of trips in New Mexico (1947), Haiti
(1949), and Israel (1954).
Further Reading
Batts, John Stuart, British Manuscript Diaries of the Nineteenth
Century: An Annotated Listing, Fontwell: Centaur Press, and
Totawa, New Jersey: Rowman and Littlefield, 1976
Hassam, Andrew, “‘As I Write’: Narrative
Occasions and the Quest for Self-Presence in the Travel Diary”,
ARIEL: A Review of International English Literature,
21/4 (1990): 33[-]47
Huff, Cynthia, “Writer at Large: Culture
and Self in Victorian Women’s Travel Diaries”, A/B: Auto/Biography Studies, 4/2 (1988): 118[-]29
Mallon, Thomas, A Book of One’s Own: People and Their Diaries, New York: Ticknor and
Fields, 1984
Porter, Dennis, Haunted Journeys: Desire and Transgression in European Travel Writing,
Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 1991
Schlissel, Lillian (editor), Women’s Diaries of the Westward Journey,
New York: Schocken, 1982
Schneebaum, Tobias, “A Drive into the
Unknown” in They Went: The
Art and Craft of Travel Writing, edited by William Zinsser,
Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1991
Sherman, Stuart, Telling Time: Clocks, Diaries, and English
Diurnal Form, 1660[-]1785, Chicago: University of Chicago
Press, 1996
Díaz del Castillo, Bernal c.1496[-]1584
Spanish
soldier and chronicler
Travel Writing
Historia verdadera de la conquista de la Nueva España [True History of the Conquest of New
Spain], written 1568, published 1632; edited by Miguel Leon-Portilla,
2 vols, 1984; as The Discovery
and Conquest of Mexico, 1517[-]1521, edited by Genaro García,
translated by A.P. Maudslay, 1928; with an introduction by Irving
A. Leonard, 1956; as The Bernal Díaz Chronicles:
The True Story of the Conquest of Mexico, translated and edited
by Albert E. Idell Gardenlith, 1956; as
The Conquest of New Spain, translated and with an introduction
by J.M. Cohen, 1963
Further Reading
Cerwin, Herbert, Bernal Díaz, Historian of the Conquest,
Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1963
Cortés, Hernán, Letters from Mexico, edited and translated by A.R. Pagden, New York:
Grossman, 1971; with an introduction by J.H. Elliott, New Haven,
Connecticut: Yale University Press, 1986
Graham, R.B. Cunninghame, Bernal Díaz del Castillo: Being Some Account
of Him, Taken from His True History of the Conquest of New Spain,
New York: Dodd Mead, and London: Nash, 1915
Leonard, Irving A., Books of the Brave: Being an Account of Books
and Men in the Spanish Conquest and Settlement of the Sixteenth
Century New World, Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University
Press, 1949
López de Gómara, Francisco, Cortés: The Life of the Conqueror by His Secretary,
translated and edited by Lesley Byrd Simpson, Berkeley: University
of California Press,
1964
Prescott, W.H., History of the Conquest of Mexico, 3 vols, New York: Harper, 1843;
many later editions
Charles Dickens 1812[-]1870
English
novelist
Travel
Writing
American
Notes for General Circulation, 2 vols, 1842
Pictures
from Italy, 1846
Further Reading
Caponi-Doherty,
M. Gabriella, “Charles Dickens and the Italian Risorgimento”,
Dickens Quarterly, 13/3 (1996): 151[-]63
Conrad,
Peter, Imagining America,
London : Routledge and Kegan Paul, and New York: Oxford University
Press, 1980
Compares
Dickens’s work to the travel writing of Frances and Anthony Trollope.
Davis,
Paul B., “Dickens and the American Press, 1842”, Dickens
Studies, 4 (1967): 32[-]77
Examines
Dickens’s treatment by the American press.
Fielding,
K.J., “American Notes
and Some English Reviewers”, Modern
Language Review, 59 (1964): 527[-]37
Examines
Dickens’s treatment by the British press.
Forster,
John, The Life of Charles
Dickens, 3 vols, London: Chapman and Hall, 1872[-]74; edited
with an introduction by J.W.T. Ley, London: Cecil Palmer, 1928
Monumental,
essential biography by Dickens’s friend, adviser, and confidant.
Hollington,
Michael, “Dickens and Italy”, Journal
of Anglo-Italian Studies, 1 (1991): 126[-]36
Examines
Dickens’s attitude to that country.
The Letters of Charles Dickens, edited
by Madeline House, Graham Storey, and Kathleen Tillotson, 12 vols,
Oxford: Clarendon Press, and New York: Oxford University Press,
1965[-]2002
Collection
of 14,000 letters providing an essential insight into the novelist’s
life and work.
Meckier,
Jerome, Innocent Abroad:
Charles Dickens’s American Engagements, Lexington: University
Press of Kentucky, 1990
Considers
how Dickens’s first American visit was crucial to his development.
Moss,
Sidney P., Charles Dickens’
Quarrel with America, Troy, New York: Whitston, 1984
Surveys
Dickens’s attitudes towards America and the Americans.
Paroissien,
David, “Pictures from Italy
and Its Original Illustrators”, The
Dickensian, 67 (1971): 87[-]90
Examines
the original illustrators of that book.
Slater,
Michael (editor), Dickens
on America & the Americans, Austin: University of Texas
Press, 1978; Hassocks, Sussex: Harvester Press, 1979
Surveys
the novelist’s attitudes towards America and her inhabitants.
Thurin,
Susan Schoenbauer, “Pictures
from Italy: Pickwick and Podsnap Abroad”,
The Dickensian, 83/2 (1987): 66[-]78
Discusses
impressions Dickens conveyed in the work.
Welsh,
Alexander, From Copyright
to Copperfield: The Identity of Dickens, Cambridge, Massachusetts:
Harvard University Press, 1987
Explains
how the first American visit served as a turning-point in Dickens’s
career.
Jane Elizabeth Digby 1807[-]1881
British
traveller and artist
Travel Writing
The
Minterne House Collection contains primary sources including:
A
summary of Digby’s life from 1807[-]56 (compiled by a member of
the family from documents since destroyed); diaries kept by Digby
from December 1853[-]81; poetry written 1824[-]34; letters of
Digby; collected paintings and sketches of Digby.
Further Reading
About, Edmond, La Grèce contemporaine, Paris: Hachette, 1854; as Greece and the Greeks of the Present Day,
Edinburgh: Constable, 1855
A friend and admirer of Jane Digby.
Beaufort, Emily, Egyptian Sepulchres and Syrian Shrines, 2
vols, London: Longman, 1861; new edition, London: Macmillan, 1874
Emily Beaufort, Viscountess Strangford,
was a friend and visitor to Jane in Damascus.
Blanch, Lesley, The Wilder Shores of Love, New York: Simon and Schuster, and London:
John Murray, 1954
Focuses on Digby’s love life.
Blunt, Anne, Bedouin Tribes of the Euphrates, edited by W.S. Blunt, London: John
Murray, and New York: Harper, 1879; London: Frank Cass, 1968
Written by Digby’s friend, Lady Anne
Blunt; edited and with preface by her husband Wilfrid Scawen Blunt.
Burton, Isabel, The Inner Life of Syria: Palestine and the Holy Land, London: King,
1875
Isabel Burton knew Digby in Damascus
but later exploited their friendship and misrepresented Digby
in print with faulty information and speculation.
Fullerton, Amy Fullerton, A Lady’s Ride through Palestine and Syria:
With Notices of Egypt and the Canal of Suez, London, 1872
Lovell, Mary S., A Scandalous Life: The Biography of Jane Digby
el Mezrab, London: Cohen, 1995; as Rebel Heart: The Scandalous Life of Jane Digby, New York: Norton,
1995
Most comprehensive biography of Jane
Digby. Lovell had access to all private family papers and primary
source material at Minterne House.
Oddie, E.M., A Portrait of Ianthe, Being a Study of Jane Digby, Lady Ellenborough,
London: Jonathan Cape, 1935; as The
Odyssey of a Loving Woman, New York: Harper, 1936
Important early biography with rare
quoted material since reportedly lost.
Schmidt, Margaret Fox, Passion’s Child: The Extraordinary Life of
Jane Digby, New York: Harper and Row, 1976; London: Hamish
Hamilton, 1977
Reliable biography.
Stirling, A.M., Coke of Norfolk, and His Friends, London and New York: John Lane,
1912
The author is Jane Digby’s niece.
Diplomatic and Trade Missions
Embassy
Narratives
Alvares,
Francisco, Verdadeira Informação
das terras do Preste João das Indias, 1540; as Narrative of the Portuguese Embassy to Abyssinia during the Years 1520[-]1527,
translated and edited by Lord Stanley of Alderley, 1881
Busbecq,
Ogier Ghislain de, The Turkish
Letters of Ogier Ghiselin de Busbecq, Imperial Ambassador at Constantinople,
1554[-]1562, translated from the 1633 Elzevir edition by Edward
Seymour Forster, 1927
A Complete View of the Chinese Empire … and
a Genuine and Copious Account of Earl Macartney’s Embassy from
the King of Great Britain to the Emperor of China, 1798
Crowne,
William, A True Relation
of all the Remarkable Places and Passages Observed in the Travels
of the Right Honourable Thomas Lord Howard, 1637
Dawson,
Christopher (editor), The
Mongol Mission: Narratives and Letters of the Franciscan Missionaries
in Mongolia and China in the Thirteenth and Fourteenth Centuries,
translated by a nun of Stanbrook Abbey, 1955
Ewart-Biggs,
Jane, Pay, Pack and Follow:
Memoirs, 1984
Ferguson,
Mary Nisbet, The Letters
of Mary Nisbet of Dirleton, Countess of Elgin, edited by John
Patrick Nisbet Hamilton Grant, 1926
Fletcher,
Giles, Of the Russe Common
Wealth, 1591; as Of
the Rus Commonwealth, edited and with an introduction by Albert
J. Schmidt, 1966; as Of the Russe Commonwealth, with an introduction
by Richard Pipes, 1966
Gonzalez
de Clavijo, Ruy, Narrative
of the Embassy of Ruy Gonzalez de Clavijo to the Court of Timour,
at Samarcand, ad 1403[-]6, translated by Clements
R. Markham, 1859
Herberstein,
Sigismund von, Notes upon
Russia: Being a Translation of the Earliest Account of That Country,
Entitled Rerum Moscoviticarum commentarii, by the Baron Sigismund
von Herberstein, Ambassador from the Court of Germany to the Grand
Prince Vasiley Ivanovich, in the Years 1517 and 1526, translated
and edited by R.H. Major, 2 vols, 1851[-]52
Horsey,
Jerome, The Travels of Sir
Jerome Horsey in Russia
at the Close of the Sixteenth Century, edited by Edward A.
Bond, 1856
Huan
Ma, Ying-Yai Sheng-Lan: “The Overall Survey of
the Ocean’s Shores” edited by Feng Cheng-Chun, 1433, with
an introduction by J.V.G. Mills, 1970
Ides, Evert Ysbrants, Driejaarige
reize naar China, 1704; as Three
Years Travels from Moscow Over-land to China, 1706
La
Loubère, Simon de, Du Royaume
de Siam, 2 vols, 1691; as A
New Historical Relation of the Kingdom of Siam, translated
by A.P., 2 vols, 1693; facsimile, with an introduction by David
K. Wyatt, 1969
Macartney,
George, Earl, An Account
of Russia, 1767, 1768
Marignolli,
John of, “Recollections of Travel in the East” in Cathay and the Way Thither, Being a Collection of Medieval Notices of
China, translated and edited by Henry Yule, vol. 2, 1866;
in vol. 3 of revised edition, 1913[-]16
Montagu,
Mary Wortley¸ Embassy to
Constantinople: The Travels of Lady Mary Wortley Montagu,
edited by Christopher Pick, 1988
Montagu,
Mary Wortley, The Turkish
Embassy Letters, edited by Malcolm Jack, 1993
Odoric
of Pordenone, Itinerarium
fratris Odorici … de Mirabilibus Orientalium Tartarorum in
Cathay and the Way Thither, Being a Collection of Medieval Notices of
China, translated and edited by Henry Yule, vol. 1, 1866,
in vol. 2 of revised edition, 1913[-]16
Roe,
Thomas, The Embassy of Sir
Thomas Roe to the Court of the Great Mogul, 1615[-]1619, as Narrated
in His Journal and Correspondence, edited by William Foster,
2 vols, 1899; revised edition, as The Embassy of Sir Thomas Roe to India, 1615[-]19,
1926
Roe,
Thomas, The Negotiations of Sir Thomas Roe, in His Embassy to the Ottoman Porte, from
the Year 1621 to 1628 Inclusive, 1740
Rubruck,
William of, and Giovanni di Piani Carpini, The
Journey of William of Rubruck to the Eastern Parts of the World,
1253[-]55, as Narrated by Himself, with Two Accounts of the Earlier
Journey of John of Pian de Carpine, translated and edited
by William Woodville Rockhill, 1900; reprinted, 1967
Staunton,
George, An Authentic Account
of an Embassy from the King of Great Britain to the Emperor of
China … Taken Chiefly from the Papers of His Excellency the Earl
of Macartney … and of Other Gentlemen, 2 vols, 1797
Tachard,
Guy, Voyage de Siam,
1686; as A Relation of the Voyage to Siam, Performed
by Six Jesuits, 1688
Velho,
Alvaro, Roteiro da Viagem
de Vasco da Gama em MCCCCXCVII, 1861; as A
Journal of the First Voyage of Vasco da Gama, 1497[-]1499,
translated and edited by E.G. Ravenstein, 1898
Watts,
Rosemary, A Military Memsahib:
The Lighthearted Impressions of a Defence Attaché’s Wife, Islamabad,
Pakistan, 1982[-]1985, 1994
Wittman,
William, Travels in Turkey,
Asia-Minor, Syria, and across the Desert into Egypt during the
Years 1799, 1800, and 1801, in Company with the Turkish Army,
and the British Military Mission, 1803; reprinted, 1972
Yule,
Henry (translator and editor),
Cathay and the Way Thither, Being a Collection of Medieval Notices
of China ... with a Preliminary Essay on the Intercourse between
China and the Western Nations Previous to the Discovery of the
Cape Route, 2 vols, 1866; revised edition, 4 vols, 1913[-]16
Further
Reading
Abbott,
G.F., Under the Turk in
Constantinople: A Record of Sir John Finch’s Embassy 1674[-]1681,
London: Macmillan, 1920
Beazley,
C. Raymond, The Dawn of
Modern Geography: A History of Exploration and Geographical Science
from the Conversion of the Roman Empire to ad
900, 3 vols, London: John Murray, 1897[-]1906; New York: Peter
Smith, 1949
Bettex,
Albert W., The Discovery
of the World: The Great Explorers and the Worlds They Found,
translated by Daphne Woodward, New York: Simon and Schuster, and
London: Thames and Hudson, 1960
Day,
Alan Edwin, Discovery and
Exploration: A Reference Handbook, vol. 1: The
Old World, New York: Saur, and London: Bingley, 1980 (no more
published)
Larner,
John, Marco Polo and the
Discovery of the World,
New Haven, Connecticut: Yale University Press, 1999
Mayes,
Stanley, An Organ for the
Sultan, London: Putnam, 1956
Mirsky,
Jeannette (editor), The
Great Chinese Travelers, New York: Pantheon, 1964; London:
Allen and Unwin, 1965
Nehring,
Karl, Iter Constantinopolitanum:
ein Ortsnamenverzeichnis zu den kaiserlichen Gesandtschaftsreisen
an die ottomanische Pforte, 1530[-]1618, Munich: Finnisch-Ugrisches
Seminar an der Universität, 1984
Rachewiltz,
Igor de, Papal Envoys to
the Great Khans, London: Faber, and Stanford, California:
Stanford University Press, 1971
Rugoff,
Milton (editor), The Great
Travelers: A Collection of Firsthand Narratives of Wayfarers,
Wanderers and Explorers in All Parts of the World from 450 bc
to the Present, New York: Simon and Schuster, 1960
Strachan,
Michael, Sir Thomas Roe,
1581[-]1644: A Life, Salisbury, Wiltshire: Russell, 1989
Teply,
Karl, Die kaiserliche Grossbotschaft
an Sultan Murad IV, Vienna: Schendl, 1976
Dogsleds
Travel Writing
Allan, Alan Alexander, Gold, Men and Dogs, 1931
Armitage, Albert, Two Years in the Antarctic: Being a Narrative
of the British National Antarctic Expedition, 1905; reprinted,
1984
Bernacchi, L.C., Saga of the “Discovery”, 1938
Bernacchi, L.C., To the South Polar Regions: Expedition of 1898[-]1900,
1901; reprinted, 1991
Klerekoper, Fred G., Dogsled Trip from Barrow to Demarcation Point,
April 1937, 1977
Murphy, Joseph E., To the Poles: By Ski & Dogsled, 1996
Paulsen, Gary, Winterdance: The Fine Madness of Alaskan Dog-Racing, 1995
Scott, Robert Falcon, The Voyage of the “Discovery”, 2 vols,
1905
Stuck, Hudson, Ten Thousand Miles with a Dog Sled: A Narrative of Winter Travel in Interior
Alaska, 1914
Turk, Jon, Cold Oceans: Adventures in Kayak, Rowboat, and Dogsled, 1999
Further Reading
Adkins, Terry, 1049 Miles: The Call of the Iditarod, Anchorage, Alaska: Adkins, 1977
Balzar, John, Yukon Alone: The World’s Toughest Adventure Race, New York: Holt,
2000; as The Lure of the
Quest: One Man’s Story of the 1025-Mile Dog-Sled Race across North
America’s Frozen Wastes, London: Headline, 2000
Freedman, Lewis, The Father of the Iditarod: The Joe Reddington
Story, Fairbanks, Alaska: Epicenter Press, 1999
Huntford,
Roland, Scott and Amundsen,
London: Hodder and Stoughton, 1979, New York: Putnam, 1980; as The Last
Place on Earth: Scott and Amundsen’s Race to the South Pole,
London: Hodder and Stoughton, 1985, New York: Modern Library,
1999
O’Donoghue, Brian Patrick, Honest Dogs: A Story of Triumph and Regret
from the World’s Toughest Sled Dog Race, Kenmore, Washington:
Epicenter Press, 1999
Charles Doughty 1843[-]1926
British
poet and explorer
Travel
Writing
“Travels
in N.W. Arabia and Nejd”, 1883
Paper
given to the Royal Geographical Society.
Travels in Arabia Deserta, 2 vols, 1888,
2nd edition with an introduction by T.E. Lawrence, 1921; abridged
as Wanderings in Arabia, 2 vols, with an introduction by Edward
Garnett, 1908, and as Passages
from Arabia Deserta, 1931
Further
Reading
Burton,
Richard F., “Mr Doughty’s Travels”, Academy
(28 July 1888)
Article
by contemporary and rival Arabian traveller.
Fairley,
Barker, Charles M. Doughty:
A Critical Study, London: Jonathan Cape, and New York: Oxford
University Press, 1927
First
book-length study of Doughty.
Hogarth,
D.G., The Life of Charles
M.Doughty, London: Oxford University Press, 1928; New York:
Doubleday, 1929
Important
biography by noted Arabist and archaeologist who was a friend
and correspondent of Doughty.
Tabachnik,
Stephen E., Charles Doughty,
Boston: Twayne, 1981
Taylor,
Andrew, God’s Fugitive:
The Life of Charles Montagu Doughty, London: HarperCollins,
1999
Recent
and definitive biography by writer on Arabia.
Treneer,
Anne, Charles M. Doughty:
A Study of His Prose and Verse, London: Jonathan Cape, 1935
Early
study of Doughty as a writer rather than traveller.
David Douglas
1799[-]1834
British
botanist and journalist
Travel Writing
Journal Kept by David Douglas during His Travels in North America 1823[-]1827,
edited by W. Wilks, 1914
Has extensive appendices on plants
introduced into England by Douglas.
Further Reading
Davies, John (editor), Douglas of the Forests: The North American
Journals of David Douglas, Seattle: University of Washington
Press, and Edinburgh: Harris, 1980
Hooker, W.J. (editor), A Brief Memoir of the Life of Mr. David Douglas,
with Extracts from His Letters, reprinted from the Companion to the Botanical Magazine, vol.
2, London, 1836
Mitchell, Ann Lindsay and Syd House,
David Douglas: Explorer
and Botanist, London: Aurum Press, 1999
Morwood,
William, Traveler in a Vanished
Landscape: The Life and Times of David Douglas, New York:
Potter, and London: Gentry, 1973
Smith, Archie K., For a Handful of Seed, Perth: Smith, 1997
Francis Drake c.1540[-]1596
English
admiral and circumnavigator
Further Reading
Cumming,
Alex A., Sir Francis Drake
and the Golden Hinde, Norwich: Jarrold, 1975
Drake,
Francis, The World Encompassed
by Sir Francis Drake, London: Nicholas Bourne, 1628; edited
by G.E. Hollingworth, London: University Tutorial Press, 1933
The
book appears to have been written by Francis Drake, the navigator’s
nephew. No author is cited on the title page.
Hakluyt,
Richard, The Principall
Navigations, Voyages, Traffiques and Discoveries of the English
Nation, 2nd edition, 3 vols, London: Bishop Newberie and Banker,
1598[-]1600; reprinted, 12 vols, Glasgow: James MacLehose, 1903[-]05
(for Drake see vol. 11, pp.101[-]62)
Hanna,
Warren L., Lost Harbor:
The Controversy over Drake’s California Anchorage, Berkeley:
University of California Press, 1979
Kelsey,
Harry, Sir Francis Drake:
The Queen’s Pirate, New Haven, Connecticut and London: Yale
University Press, 1998
Nichols,
Philip, Sir Francis Drake
Revived, London: Nicholas Bourne, 1626
Purchas,
Samuel, Purchas His Pilgrimes,
4 vols, London: Fetherstone, 1625; reprinted, 20 vols, Glasgow:
James MacLehose, 1905[-]07 (for Drake see pp. 119[-]48)
Quinn,
David B., Drake’s Circumnavigation
of the Globe: A Review, Exeter: University of Exeter, 1981
Quinn,
David B., “Early Accounts of the Famous Voyage” in
Sir Francis Drake and the Famous Voyage, 1577[-]1580, edited
by Norman J.W. Thrower, Berkeley: University of California Press,
1984
Thrower,
Norman J.W. (editor), Sir
Francis Drake and the Famous Voyage, 1577[-]1580: Essays Commemorating
the Quadricentennial of Drake’s Circumnavigation of the Earth,
Berkeley: University of California Press, 1984
Wallis,
Helen, Sir Francis Drake:
An Exhibition to Commemorate Francis Drake’s Voyage around the
World, 1577[-]1580, London: British Museum, 1977
Frederick Temple-Blackwood, 1st Marquis of
Dufferin and Ava 1826[-]1902
Travel Writing
Letters from High Latitudes: Being Some Account of a Voyage in the Schooner
Yacht “Foam”, 85 O.M., to Iceland, Jan Mayen and Spitzbergen,
in 1856, 1857; 11th edition, 1903; reprinted
with an introduction by Vigdís Finnbogadóttir, 1990
A classic of travel literature which
went through many editions and was translated into French, German, and Dutch.
“At the Siege of Bomarsund as Seen
from the Deck of the ‘Foam’”, Cornhill
Magazine, new [3rd] series, 5 (November 1898): 595[-]605
Further Reading
Black, Charles E. Drummond, The Marquess of Dufferin and Ava … Diplomatist,
Viceroy, Statesman,
London: Hutchinson, 1903
Lyall, Alfred, The Life of the Marquis of Dufferin and Ava, 2 vols, London: John
Murray, 1905
The voyages of Foam receive only a little attention in these biographies.
Nicolson, Harold, Helen’s Tower, London: Constable, 1937
Space is found in this reminiscent
biography for an appreciation of Dufferin’s voyages.
Lucie Austin Duff Gordon 1821[-]1869
British
translator and travel writer
Travel Writing
“Letters from the Cape” in Vacation Tourists and Notes of Travel in 1862[-]3,
edited by Francis Galton, 1864
Letters from Egypt, 1863[-]65, edited by Sarah Austin, 1865; revised edition,
with a memoir by Janet Ross, 1902; revised, with an introduction
by Gordon Waterfield,
1969; reprint of 1902 edition, with an introduction by Sarah Searight,
1983
“Extracts from Lady Duff-Gordon’s Letters
from Egypt”, Macmillan’s
Magazine (January 1865): 362[-]70
“Longshore Life at Boulak”, Macmillan’s Magazine (March 1867): 365[-]70
“Life at Thebes”, Macmillan’s Magazine (August 1867): 299[-]305
Last Letters from Egypt, to Which Are Added Letters from the Cape, with a memoir by Janet Ross, 1875
Further
Reading
‘Auda, Muhammed, “1882 ‘Am Ahdath Misr
el-Kubra”, Rose al-Yousef
(11 February 1982)
Austin, Sarah, preface to Letters from Egypt, by Lucie Duff Gordon,
London: Macmillan, 1865
Frank, Katherine, Lucie Duff Gordon: A Passage to Egypt,
London: Hamish Hamilton, 1994; as A
Passage to Egypt: The Life of Lucie Duff Gordon, Boston: Houghton
Mifflin, 1994
Gendron, Charisse, “Lucie Duff Gordon’s
‘Letters from Egypt’ ”, Ariel,
17/2 (1986): 49[-]61
“Gordon, Lucie” in Dictionary of National Biography, 22 vols,
edited by Leslie Stephen and Sidney Lee, London: Oxford University
Press, 1917
Hatem, Mervat, “Through Each Other’s
Eyes: The Impact on the Colonial Encounter of the Images of Egyptian,
Levantine-Egyptian, and European Women, 1862[-]1920” in Western Women and Imperialism: Complicity and Resistance, edited by
Nupur Chaudhuri and Margaret Strobel, Bloomington: Indiana University
Press, 1992
Khaki, Ahmad, Rasil min Misr: Hayat Lucie Duff Gordon fi Misr 1862[-]1869 [Letters from Egypt: The Life
of Lucie Duff Gordon in Egypt], Cairo: alhayaa al-Misriah lilkitab,
1976
Lane, Edward William, An Account of the Manners and Customs of the
Modern Egyptians, 2 vols, London: Knight, 1836
Lively, Penelope, “Lucie Duff Gordon”,
Independent Magazine
(21 September 1991): 62
Melman,
Billie, Women’s Orients:
English Women and the Middle East, 1718[-]1918: Sexuality, Religion,
and Work, London: Macmillan, 1990; Ann Arbor: University of
Michigan Press, 1992
Meredith, George, introduction to Lady Duff Gordon’s Letters from Egypt,
London: Brimley Johnson, and New York: McClure Phillips, 1902
Mills, Sara, Discourses of Difference: An Analysis of Women’s Travel Writing and Colonialism,
London and New York: Routledge, 1991
Mitchell, Timothy, Colonizing Egypt, Cambridge and New York:
Cambridge University Press, 1988
Nightingale, Florence, Letters from Egypt: A Journey on the Nile 1849[-]1850,
edited by Anthony Sattin, London: Barrie and Jenkins, and New
York: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1987
Norton, Caroline, “Lady Duff Gordon
and Her Works”, Macmillan’s
Magazine (September 1869): 457[-]62
Poole, Edward Stanley, “Lady Duff Gordon’s
Letters from Egypt”,
Edinburgh Review (July 1865): 217[-]38
Pratt, Mary Louise, Imperial Eyes: Travel Writing and Transculturation,
London and New York: Routledge, 1992
Ross, Janet, Three Generations of English Women: Memoirs and Correspondence of Susannah
Taylor, Sarah Austin, and Lady Duff Gordon, revised edition,
London: Unwin, 1893
Ross, Janet, introductory memoir, in
Lady Duff Gordon’s Letters
from Egypt, London: Brimley Johnson, and New York: McClure
Phillips, 1902
Stevenson, Catherine Barnes, Victorian Women Travel Writers in Africa,
Boston: Twayne, 1982
‘Ukasha, Tharwat, Misr fi oyoun al ghorabaa min al-rahalla wa al-fannaneen wa al-udabaa: al-qarn al-tasie ashr, 2 vols,
Cairo: al-haia al-misriyah al-amma lilkitab, 1984
Waterfield, Gordon, Lucie Duff Gordon: In England, South Africa,
and Egypt, London: John Murray, and New York: Dutton, 1937
Lawrence Durrell 1912[-]1990
British
novelist, poet, and travel writer
Travel Writing
Prospero’s Cell: A Guide to the Landscape and Manners of the Island of
Corcyra, 1945; republished with Reflections on a Marine Venus, 1960; with
an introduction by Carol Pierce, 1996
Reflections on a Marine Venus: A Companion to the Landscape of Rhodes,
1953; republished with Prospero’s
Cell, 1960; with an introduction by David Roessel, 1996
Bitter Lemons,
1957; with an introduction by Ian S. MacNiven, 1996
Spirit of Place: Letters and Essays on Travel, edited by Alan G. Thomas, 1969
Sicilian Carousel, 1977; with an introduction
by Madeline Merlini, 1997
The Greek Islands, 1978
Caesar’s Vast Ghost: Aspects of Provence, 1990;
republished as Provence,
1994
Further
Reading
Aldington,
Richard, Literary Lifelines:
The Richard Aldington-Lawrence Durrell Correspondence, edited
by Ian S. MacNiven and Harry T. Moore, New York: Viking Press,
1981
Alford,
Steven E., entry on Lawrence Durrell in British
Travel Writers, 1940[-]1997, edited by Barbara Brothers and
Julia M. Gergits, Detroit: Gale, 1999 (Dictionary of Literary
Biography, vol. 204)
A
critical overview of Durrell’s life and travel works.
Bowker,
Gordon, Through the Dark
Labyrinth: A Biography of Lawrence Durrell, London: Sinclair-Stevenson,
1996; New York: St Martin’s Press, 1997
An
unauthorized account of Durrell’s life lacking the rigorous scholarly
inquiry of MacNiven’s biography.
Cardiff,
Maurice, Friends Abroad:
Memories of Lawrence Durrell, Freya Stark, Patrick Leigh-Fermor,
Peggy Guggenheim, and Others, London and New York: Radcliffe
Press, 1997
The
author recounts his friendship with Durrell while both were living
on Cyprus.
Cocker,
Mark, Loneliness and Time:
British Travel Writing in the Twentieth Century, London: Secker
and Warburg, and New York: Pantheon, 1992
Analysis
of Durrell’s island trilogy in the context of travel literature
on Greece.
Dickson,
Gregory, “Lawrence Durrell and the Tradition of Travel Literature”,
Deus Loci: The Lawrence Durrell Quarterly Special
Issue, 7/5 (1984): 43[-]50
Examines
Durrell’s place in the tradition of travel literature and his
contributions to the genre.
Durrell,
Gerald, My Family and Other
Animals, London: Hart-Davis, 1956
Treats
the Durrell family’s years on Corfu.
Durrell,
Gerald, “My Brother Larry”, Twentieth-Century
Literature, 33 (1987): 262[-]65
Durrell,
Lawrence and Henry Miller, The
Durrell[-]Miller Letters, 1935[-]1980, edited by Ian S. MacNiven,
London: Faber, and New York: New Direction, 1988
Correspondence
that details the nearly 50-year friendship between the two writers.
Fermor,
Patrick Leigh, “Observations on a Marine Vulcan”, Twentieth-Century Literature, 33 (1987): 305[-]07
A
pre-eminent travel writer offers a brief portrait of Durrell as
writer and friend.
Ferreya,
Jorge, “Durrell in Cordoba: Jorge Ferreya Remembers”, Twentieth-Century Literature, 33 (1987): 329[-]31
Offers
personal recollections of Durrell in Spain.
Fielding,
Xan, “Another Durrell”, Twentieth-Century
Literature, 33 (1987): 303[-]04
Fielding,
who served in the Cretan resistance with Patrick Leigh Fermor,
offers an intimate portrait of Durrell.
Friedman,
Alan Warren, “Place and Durrell’s Island Books” in Critical Essays on Lawrence Durrell, edited by Friedman, Boston: Hall,
1987
An
analysis of Durrell’s use of landscape as a central idea or motif.
Fussell,
Paul, “Durrell Incognito”, Saturday
Review, 4 (1977): 24[-]26
A
favourable review of Durrell’s Sicilian
Carousel.
Given,
Michael, “‘Father of His Landscape’: Lawrence Durrell’s Creation
of Landscape and Character in Cyprus”, Deus
Loci, 5 (1997): 55[-]65
Examines
Durrell’s “de-Hellenizing” of Cyprus’ past, landscape, architecture,
and character in Bitter
Lemons.
Haig,
Michael, “Lawrence Durrell: A Life Abroad”, Deus
Loci, 1 (1992): 8[-]15
A
synopsis of Durrell’s life of foreign residence and the works
he produced.
Hungerford,
Edward A., “Durrell’s Mediterranean Paradise”, Studies in the Literary Imagination, 24 (1991): 57[-]69
Examines
Durrell’s Mediterranean experience and whether he sought a golden
land in Greece.
Keeley,
Edmund, “Byron, Durrell, and Modern Philhellenism” in Lawrence Durrell: Comprehending the Whole, edited by Julius Rowan
Raper et al., Columbia:
University of Missouri Press, 1995
Investigates
the Greek influences in Durrell’s poetry.
Keeley,
Edmund, Inventing Paradise:
The Greek Journey 1937[-]47, New York: Farrar Straus, 1999
A
noted translator of modern Greek poetry, Keeley chronicles Miller
and Durrell’s time in Greece and their relationships with poets
and writers from the country’s fabled Generation of the 1930s.
Lillios,
Anna, “The Blue of Greece: Durrell’s Images of an Adopted Land”,
Studies in the Literary Imagination, 24
(1991): 71[-]82
Examines
how Greece provided Durrell with the raw materials to create his
personal “text” of the country.
Lillios,
Anna, “Lawrence and Gerald Durrell in Prospero’s Corfu” in Selected Essays on the Humor of Lawrence Durrell, edited by Betsy
Nichols et al., Victoria,
British Columbia: University of Victoria, 1993
A
comparison of Gerald Durrell’s My
Family and Other Animals with Durrell’s Prospero’s
Cell.
MacNiven,
Ian S., “Lawrence Durrell Discovers Greece”, Studies in the Literary Imagination, 24 (1991): 83[-]99
Focusing
on Durrell’s Corfu experience, this essay is an edited draft from
what was then MacNiven’s biographical work-in-progress.
MacNiven,
Ian S., Lawrence Durrell:
A Biography, London: Faber, 1998
This
authorized biography is a thorough examination of Durrell’s life
and work.
Menuhin,
Diana, “Lawrence Durrell in Alexandria and Sommières”, Twentieth-Century Literature, 33 (1987): 308[-]11
Describes
Durrell’s time in Egypt and France.
Miller,
Henry, The Colossus of Marousi,
New York: New Directions, 1941; New York: Norton, 1988
Miller’s
mythic evocation of Greece in the 1930s.
Mills,
Raymond, “With Lawrence Durrell on Rhodes, 1945[-]47”, Twentieth-Century Literature, 33 (1987): 312[-]16
The
author recollects his Rhodian experiences with Durrell.
Newby,
Peter T., “Literature and the Fashioning of Tourist Taste” in
Humanistic Geography and Literature: Essays
on the Experience of Place, edited by Douglas C.D. Pocock,
London: Croom Helm, and Totowa, New Jersey: Barnes and Noble,
1981
Explores
the influence of Durrell’s travel writing.
Pine,
Richard, Lawrence Durrell:
The Mindscape, London: Macmillan, 1994
Traces
Durrell’s development as a writer.
Porter,
Roger J., “Durrell and the Dilemmas of Travel Writing”, Deus Loci, 3 (1994): 51[-]59
Focuses
on Durrell’s texts as palimpsests.
Roessel,
David, “Rodis Roufos on Bitter
Lemons: A Suppressed Section of The
Age of Bronze”, Deus
Loci, 3 (1994): 129[-]38
Greek
author Roufos offers a critique of Bitter
Lemons in his novel depicting Cyprus’ struggle for independence.
Roessel,
David, “‘Cut in Half as It Was’: Editorial Excisions and the Original
Shape of Reflections on a Marine Venus”, Deus Loci, 6 (1998): 64[-]75
Examines
the impact of changes made by Faber editor Anne Ridler to Durrell’s
original typescript.
Roessel,
David, In Byron’s Shadow:
Modern Greece in English and American Literature from 1770 to
1967, New York: Oxford University Press, 2001
Examines
how Greece has been represented in English and American Literature.
Spanaki,
Marianna, “Egypt and Cyprus: Representations of Colonialism in
Cavafy, Pierides, Roufos, and Durrell”, Journal
of the Hellenic Diaspora, 23 (1997): 111[-]26
Examines
Durrell’s views of colonialism in relation to two Greek writers.
Stephanides,
Theodore, “First Meeting with Lawrence Durrell; and, The House
at Kalami”, Twentieth-Century Literature, 33 (1987):
266[-]73
Durrell’s
Corfiot companion offers a portrait of the artist.
Stewart,
Jack F., “Objects in Space and Time: Metonymy in Durrell’s Island
Books”, Style (Spring 2000): 78
Analyses
Durrell’s use of metonymy to highlight objects in space and time.
Stewart,
Jack F., “Painterly Writing: Durrell’s Island Landscapes”, Deus Loci, 6 (1998): 40[-]63
Analyses
Durrell’s literary landscapes and his tendency to reconfigure
space aesthetically using painter’s techniques.
Stoneback,
Harry R., “Et in Alexandria
Ego: Lawrence Durrell and the Spirit of Place”, Mid-Hudson
Language Studies, 5 (1982): 115[-]28
Examines
the relationship between landscape and character in Durrell’s
work.
Weigel,
John A., Lawrence Durrell,
New York: Twayne, 1966
A
critical introduction to and examination of Durrell’s major works.
Williams,
Gwyn, “Durrell in Egypt”, Twentieth-Century
Literature, 33 (1987): 298[-]302
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