Encyclopedia of Criminology

(List is not final and is subject to change prior to publication.)

Correlates of Criminal Behavior
Criminal Law
Cross-Cultural and Global Crime and Justice
History of Criminology
History of Legal and Criminal Justice Traditions
The Justice System
Measures of Crime
Professional Issues
Prominent Figures in Criminology and Criminal Justice
Theories of Criminal Behavior
Types of Criminal Behavior
Victimization

Correlates of Criminal Behavior

Age and Criminal Behavior
Aggression and Criminal Behavior
Alcohol Use and Criminal Behavior
Alcohol Use: Prevention and Treatment
Antisocial Personality Disorder and Criminal Behavior
Climate and Criminal Behavior
Curfews
Drug Use and Criminal Behavior
Drug Use: Extent and Correlates
Educational Attainment and Criminal Behavior
Family Relationships and Criminal Behavior
Firearms and Criminal Behavior
Gambling, Legal
Gender and Criminal Behavior
Homelessness and Criminal Behavior
Intelligence (IQ) and Criminal Behavior
Mass Media and Crime and Justice
Mental Illness and Criminal Behavior
Physical Attractiveness and Criminal Behavior
Pornography and Criminal Behavior
Prediction of Criminal Behavior
Public Opinion and Criminal Behavior
Race and Ethnicity and Criminal Behavior
Religion and Criminal Behavior
Schools and Delinquent Behavior
Self-Esteem and Criminal Behavior
Social Class and Criminal Behavior
Warfare and Criminal Behavior
Women and Addictions
Youth Work and Crime

Criminal Law

Accident as a Defense to Criminal Liability
Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) and the Law
Actus Reus (The Criminal Act)
Administrative Law
Alcohol Use: The Law
Aggravating/Mitigating Circumstances
Arson: The Law
Assault and Battery: The Law
Bail: Right to
Battered Woman Defense to Criminal Liability
Burglary: The Law
Child Abuse: The Law
Conflict and Consensus Theories of Law
Consent as a Defense to Criminal Liability
Corpus Delicti
Counsel, The Right to
Criminal Law: Definition, Sources, and Types
Criminal Law: Reform
Criminalization and Decriminalization
Defenses to Criminal Liability: Justifications and Excuses
Domestic Assault: The Law
Double Jeopardy, Protection Against
Drug Use: The Law
Due Process
Duress as a Defense to Criminal Liability
Elements of Crime
Entrapment as a Defense to a Criminal Liability
Evidentiary Standards: Burden of Proof
Exclusionary Rule, The
Felonies and Misdemeanors
Firearms: The Law
Gangs: The Law
Habeas Corpus
Homicide: The Law
Inquisitorial Justice
Insanity and Diminished Responsibility as Defense to Criminal Liability
Intoxication as a Defense to Criminal Liability
Juvenile Delinquency: Definitions and the Law
Larceny/Theft: The Law
Mens Rea (Criminal Intent)
Mistake of Fact as a Defense to Criminal Liability
Motor Vehicle Theft: The Law
Necessity as a Defense to Criminal Liability
Organized Crime: The Law
Pornography: The Law
Prohibition
Prostitution: The Law
Rape, Forcible: The Law
Riots: The Law
Robbery: The Law
Self-Defense as a Defense to Criminal Liability
Self-Incrimination, The Privilege Against
Self-Representation, The Right to
Statute of Limitations as a Defense to Criminal Liability
Strict Liability
Suicide: The Law
Superior Orders as a Defense to Criminal Liability
Terrorism: The Law
Trial, The Right to
White-Collar Crime: The Law
Witnesses, The Right to Confront

Cross-Cultural and Global Crime and Justice

African Indigenous Justice System
Australia, Crime and Justice in
Canada, Crime and Justice in
Central America, Crime and Justice in
China, Crime and Justice in
Comparative Crime and Justice
Cuba, Crime and Justice in
Customary Law
Eastern and Central Europe, Crime and Justice in
France, Crime and Justice in
Germany, Crime and Justice in
Greece, Crime and Justice in
India, Crime and Justice in
International Court of Justice (World Court)
International Crime and the United Nations
International Crime Statistics: Data Sources and Interpretation
International Crime Statistics: Juvenile Delinquency and Youth Crime
International Crime Trends
International Criminal Law
International Criminal Tribunals
International Imprisonment: Rates and Conditions
International Police Cooperation, History of
International Policing: Cooperation Among Nations in the European Union
International Policing: Coordination Against Organized Crime in Europe
International Policing: Interpol
International Policing: Role of the United States
Israel, Crime and Justice in
Japan, Crime and Justice in
Micronesia, Crime and Justice in
Military Justice: Courts, the Law, and Punishment
Military Justice: The Police
Native American Crime and Justice
Netherlands, Crime and Justice in the
New Zealand, Crime and Justice in
Nigeria, Corruption in
Poland, Crime and Justice in
Russia, Crime and Justice in Modern
Scandinavia, Crime and Justice in
South Africa, Crime and Justice in
Soviet Union, Crime and Justice in the
Spain, Crime and Justice in
Sub-Saharan Africa, Crime and Justice in
Switzerland, Crime and Justice in
Ukraine, Crime and Justice in
United Kingdom, Crime and Justice in the

History of Criminology

Citation Research in Criminology and Criminal Justice
Convict Criminology
Criminology and Criminal Justice: A Comparison
Criminology as a Social Science
Criminology: Definition
Criminology: Historical Development
Demonology
Juvenile Delinquency and Youth Crime Throughout History
Women as Offenders and Victims Throughout History

History of Legal and Criminal Justice Traditions

Babylonian Legal Traditions
Colonial America, Crime and Justice in
Ecclesiastical Law and Justice
English Legal Traditions
Hindu Legal Traditions
Islamic Legal Traditions
Judeo-Christian Legal Traditions
Medieval Europe, Crime and Justice in
Natural Law
Penal Colonies
Police History: England
Police History: United States
Prison History: Continental Europe and England
Prison History: United States
United States Frontier, Crime and Justice in the

The Justice System

Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms, Bureau of (ATF)
Appeals and Post-trial Motions
Arraignment
Arrest
Asset Forfeiture
Bail: Reform
Boot Camps and Shock Incarceration
Capital Punishment: United States History
Capital Punishment: World History
Classification of Offenders
Clemency and Pardons
Community Corrections
Community Service and Restitution Programs
Corporal Punishment
Corrections: Federal Bureau of Prisons
Courts in the United States: Structure and Functions
Courts in the United States: Supreme Court
Crime Prevention
Criminal Anthropology
Criminal Courts, Problems in
Criminal Courts: Administration and Organization
Criminal Courts: Felony
Criminal Courts: Lower
Criminal Courts: Personnel
Criminal Justice Funding, The State Role in
Criminal Justice System: Definition and Components
Criminal Justice System: Models of Operation
Customs Service, United States
Defense Attorneys
Deterrence, General
Deterrence, Specific
Discretion and the Criminal Justice System
Discrimination in Justice
Diversion and Diversion Programs
Drug Control Policy: Enforcement, Interdiction, and the War on Drugs
Drug Control Policy: Legalization and Decriminalization
Drug Control Policy: Prevention and Treatment
Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA)
Elderly in Prison, The
Electronic Surveillance and Wiretapping
Equal Protection
Eyewitness Identification
Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI)
Fines, Fees, and Forfeiture
Firearms: Controversies over Policies
Gangs: Enforcement, Intervention, and Prevention Strategies
Grand Juries
Guilty Pleas and Plea Bargaining
Halfway Houses and Day Reporting Centers
Hostage Taking and Negotiations
House Arrest and Electronic Monitoring
Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS)
Incapacitation (Collective and Selective)
Indictment (Filing an Information)
Institutional Corrections
Intensive Supervision Programs (ISP)
Intermediate Sanctions
Internal Revenue Service (IRS)
Interrogation and Confessions
Investigative (Psychological) Profiling
Jails: Purposes, Populations, and Problems
Judges
Juries and Juror Selection
Juvenile Justice: Corrections
Juvenile Justice: Due Process
Juvenile Justice: History and Philosophy
Juvenile Justice: The Courts
Law Enforcement
Law Enforcement Assistance Administration
Law Enforcement: Community Policing
Marshals Service, United States
Mediation and Dispute Resolution Programs
National Institute of Justice (NIJ)
Parole
Police: Administration and Organization
Police: Brutality and Corruption
Police: Contemporary Developments
Police: Detectives
Police: Disciplinary Actions and Internal Affairs
Police: Forensic Evidence
Police: Municipal/Urban
Police: Occupational Problems
Police: Patrol
Police: Personalities and Subcultures
Police: Private Security Forces
Police: Race and Racial Profiling
Police: Rural
Police: Use of Deadly Force
Police: Vice and Special Units
Politics and Crime Policies
Preliminary Hearings
Pre-sentence Investigation Reports (PSIR)
Pretrial Detention/Preventive Detention
Prisons and the Rule of Law
Prisons, Privatized
Prisons, Problems and Recent Developments in
Prisons: Administration and Organization
Prisons: Correctional Officers and Staff
Prisons: Inmate Populations and Subcultures
Prisons: Women's Facilities
Private Investigators
Probation
Prosecuting Attorneys
Public Opinion and the Criminal Justice System
Punishment Justifications
Rehabilitation and Treatment
Restorative Justice
Retribution
Search and Seizure
Secret Service, United States
Sentences and Sentencing: Disparities
Sentences and Sentencing: Guidelines
Sentences and Sentencing: Types
Sentencing Guidelines, United States
Sheriffs
Trials, Criminal
Trials, Political
Victim Compensation Programs
Victims' Rights
Warrants and Subpoenas
Work Release

Measures of Crime

Cohort Research
Crime Commission Reports
Crime, Definitions of
Crime Mapping
Cross-sectional and Longitudinal Research
Evaluation and Policy Research
Experimental Research/Randomized Experiments
Historical Research
National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS)
Official and Unofficial Measures of Criminal Behavior
Qualitative Research
Recidivism
Self-Report Research
Survey Research
Uniform Crime Reports (UCR)

Professional Issues

Corrections: Careers
Criminology and Criminal Justice: Careers in Research and Training
Educational Programs in Criminology and Criminal Justice
Internet Resources in Criminology and Criminal Justice
Law and Legal Services: Careers
Law Enforcement: Careers
Probation and Parole: Careers
Publications in Criminal Law

Prominent Figures in Criminology and Criminal Justice

Adler, Freda
Akers, Ronald L.
Beccaria, Cesare
Becker, Howard S.
Bentham, Jeremy
Blumstein, Alfred
Bonger, Willem
Braithwaite, John
Chambliss, William J.
Chesney-Lind, Meda
Cloward, Richard
Cohen, Albert
Cressey, Donald R.
Durkheim, Emile
Farrington, David P.
Glueck, Sheldon and Eleanor
Hirschi, Travis
Hoover, John Edgar
Jeffery, Clarence Ray
Lombroso, Cesare
Matza, David
Merton, Robert K.
Ohlin, Lloyd E.
Peel, Sir Robert
Petersilia, Joan
Quetelet, Adolphe
Quinney, Richard
Radzinowicz, Sir Leon
Reckless, Walter
Reiss, Albert J.
Sampson, Robert
Sellin, Thorsten
Sherman, Lawrence W.
Short, James F.
Simon, Rita
Sutherland, Edwin H.
Sykes, Gresham
Thrasher, Frederic
Vollmer, August and O. W. Wilson
Wilson, James Q.
Wolfgang, Marvin E.
Young, Jock

Theories of Criminal Behavior

Biochemical Theories of Criminal Behavior
Biological Theories of Criminal Behavior
Body-Type Theories of Criminal Behavior
Classical Criminology
Containment Theory
Criminal Justice Theorizing
Critical Criminology
Cultural Criminology
Differential Association Theory
Differential Oppression Theory
Environmental Theory
Evolutionary Theories of Criminal Behavior
Feminist Theories of Criminal Behavior
Gangs: Theories
Genealogical Studies of Crime
Genetic Theories of Criminal Behavior
Incivilities Theory
Integrated Theories of Criminal Behavior
Juvenile Delinquency, Theories of
Labeling and Symbolic Interaction Theories of Criminal Behavior
Left Realism
Life-Course and Developmental Theories of Criminal Behavior
Marxist Theories of Criminal Behavior
Masculinity Theory
Moral Panic
Neurophysiological Theories of Criminal Behavior
Neutralization/Drift Theory
Organized Crime: Theories
Peacemaking Criminology
Personality Theories of Criminal Behavior
Phrenology
Postmodernism and Constitutive Theories of Criminal Behavior
Psychological Autopsy
Psychological Theories of Criminal Behavior
Psychopathy and Criminal Behavior
Radical Theories of Criminal Behavior
Rape, Forcible: Theories
Rational Choice Theory
Routine Activities Theory
Self-Control Theory
Social Control Theories of Criminal Behavior
Social Disorganization Theory
Social Learning Theory
Social Support Theory
Sociological Theories of Criminal Behavior
Strain Theories: From Durkheim to Merton
Strain Theories: Recent Developments
Subcultural Theories of Criminal Behavior
White-Collar Crime: Theories

Types of Criminal Behavior

Abortion
Accomplices, Aiding, and Abetting
Adultery and Fornication
Amphetamines
Arson: Extent and Correlates
Art Crime
Assault and Battery: Extent and Correlates
Attempted and Incomplete Offenses
Bank Robbery
Bribery and Graft
Burglary as an Occupation
Burglary: Extent and Correlates
Campus Crime
Child Abuse: Extent and Correlates
Child Abuse: Prevention and Treatment
Child Molestation
Club Drugs
Cocaine
Computer Offenses
Conspiracy to Commit a Crime
Consumers, Crimes Against
Corporate Crime
Counterfeiting
Criminal Careers and Chronic Offenders
Designer Drugs
Disorderly Conduct/Disturbing the Peace
Domestic Assault: Extent and Correlates
Domestic Assault: Prevention and Treatment
Driving Under the Influence (DUI)
Drug Trafficking as an Occupation
Elder Abuse
Employee Theft and Inventory Shrinkage
Environmental Crimes
Euthanasia and Physician-Assisted Suicide
Exhibitionism and Voyeurism
Extortion and Blackmail
Forgery
Gambling, Illegal
Gangs, European Street
Gangs, Female
Gangs, Prison
Gangs, Street
Gangs: Definitions
Gangs: Race and Ethnicity
Genocide
Hackers: History, Motivations, and Activities
Hate Crime
Heroin
Homicide: Mass Murder and Serial Killings
Homicide: Murder-for-Hire
Homicide: Nature, Extent, and Correlates
Homosexuality
Incest
Juvenile Delinquency, Girls and
Juvenile Delinquency: Extent, Correlates, and Trends
Kidnapping
Larceny/Theft: Extent and Correlates
Loan Sharking
Lynching
Lysergic Acid Diethylamide (LSD)
Marijuana
Maritime Offenses: Crime at Sea
Money Laundering
Motor Vehicle Theft: Extent and Correlates
Neo-Nazi Groups
Obscenity
Obsession
Obstruction of Justice
Occult Crimes
Occupational Crime
Organized Crime: Activities and Extent
Organized Crime: Black Mafia
Organized Crime: Chinese Tongs and Triads
Organized Crime: Colombian Cartels
Organized Crime: Cuban Gangs
Organized Crime: Definitions and Models
Organized Crime: Enforcement Strategies
Organized Crime: Irish, Jewish, and German Mobsters
Organized Crime: Italian-American Mafia
Organized Crime: Japanese Mobsters
Organized Crime: Mexican Mafia
Organized Crime: Outlaw Motorcycle Clubs
Organized Crime: Russian Mafia
Organized Crime: Sicilian Mafia
Perjury
Physicians and the Pharmaceutical Industry, Crimes by
Police Crime
Political Crimes Against the State
Political Crimes of the State
Prison Riots
Prostitution as an Occupation
Prostitution: Extent, Correlates, and Forms
Public Drunkenness
Rape, Acquaintance and Date
Rape, Forcible: Extent and Correlates
Rape, Marital
Rape, Statutory
Receiving Stolen Goods
Riots: Extent and Correlates
Robbery as an Occupation
Robbery: Extent and Correlates
Same-Sex Domestic Violence
Sedition and Treason
Sexual Harassment
Shoplifting
Solicitation to Commit Crime
Stalking
Status Offenses
Suicide: Extent and Correlates
Suicide: Prevention
Tax Evasion and Tax Fraud
Terrorism
Theft, Professional
Traffic Offenses
Trespass
Typologies of Crime and Criminal Behavior
Vandalism
Victimless Crimes
Vigilante Violence
War Crimes
White-Collar Crime: Definitions
White-Collar Crime: Enforcement Strategies
Witchcraft and Heresy
Workplace Violence

Victimization

Fear of Crime
Victim Precipitation
Victimization, Crime: Characteristics of Victims
Victimization, Crime: Financial Loss and Personal Suffering
Victimization, Crime: Prevention and Protection
Victimization, Crime: Theories about Vulnerability
Victimization, Repeated
Victimology