Encyclopedia of African History

(List is not final and is subject to change prior to publication.)

A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P R S T W Y Z

Abaka, Edmund. Department of History, University of Miami.
Asante Kingdom: Osei Tutu and Founding of; Collaboration as Resistance; Ghana (Republic of) (Gold Coast): Colonial Period: Economy; Ghana, Republic of: Revolution and Fourth Republic, 1981 to Present; Songhay Empire: Sonni Ali and the Founding of Empire; Songhay Empire: Ture, Muhammad and the Askiya dynasty.

Abdullahi, Mohamed Diriye. Somali scholar, Ontario, Canada.
Cushites: Northeastern Africa: Stone Age Origins to Iron Age; Mogadishu; Somalia: 1990 to the Present; Somalia: 19th Century ; Somalia: Barré, Muhammad Siad, Life and Government of; Somalia: Pastoralism, Islam, Commerce, Expansion: To 1800.

Abubakar, Tanimu. Department of History, University of Ahmadu Bello, Nigeria.
Literature, Western: Africa in.

Adejumobi, Saheed Adeyinka. Department of Africana Studies, Wayne State University, Michigan.
Awolowo, Obafemi; Community in African Society.

Adesina, Olutayo. Department of History, University of Ibadan, Nigeria.
Benin, Republic of (Dahomey): Democratization: National Conference and, 1990s; Benin, Republic of (Dahomey): Kérékou, Mathieu; Carthage; Mali Empire: Economy; Mauritania: Ethnicity, Conflict, Development, 1980s and 1990s; Tripoli.

Adhikari, Muhammed. Department of History, University of Cape Town, South Africa.
South Africa: Colored Identity; South Africa: Defiance Campaign, Freedom Charter, Treason Trials: 1952-1960; South Africa: Sharpeville Massacre, 1960.

Adi, Hakim. School of Humanities & Cultural Studies, Middlesex University, England.
Colonialism, Overthrow of: Nationalism and Anti-Colonialism; Ethiopia:1991 to the Present.

Adupa, Cyprian B. Department of History, Institute of Teacher Education, Kyambogo, Uganda.
Uganda: Buganda Agreement, Political Parties, Independence; Uganda: Colonial Period: Northern Uganda.

Afolayan, Funso S. Department of History, University of New Hampshire.
Benue Valley Peoples: Jukun and Kwarafa; Historiography of Africa; Macauley, Herbert; Yoruba States (Other Than Ife and Oyo); Yoruba States: Trade and Conflict, 19th Century.

Aghrout, Ahmed. European Studies Research Institute, University of Salford, England.
Algeria: Conquest and Resistance, 1831-1879; Maghrib Unity, European Union and; Morocco: Nationalism, Muhammad V, Independence, 1930-1961.

Ahanotu, Austin M. Department of History, California State University, Stanislaus.
Religion, Postcolonial Africa:Church/State Relations.

Ahazuem, J.O. History Department, University of Nigeria.
Benin Kingdom: 19th Century; Nigeria: Gowon Regime, 1966-1975.

Ajayi, S. Ademola. Department of History, University of Ibadan, Nigeria.
Anti-Slavery Squadron, Decline of Export Slave Trade, 19th Century; Borno (Bornu), Sultanate of: Mai Idris Aloma; Diop, Cheikh Anta; Egypt: Urabi Pasha and British occupation, 1879-82; Haile Selassie I; Ibadan; Iron Age (Later): Southern Africa: Peoples; Luthuli, Albert; Maghrib, Arab Conquest of, 650-715; Mauritania: Domestic and International Politics and Conflict, 1980s and 1990s; Organization of African Unity (OAU) and Pan-Africanism.

Alagoa, E.J. Department of History, University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria.
Niger Delta and its Hinterland: History to 16th century; Niger Delta and its Hinterland: Peoples and States to 1800.

Alao, Akin. Department of History, Obafemi Awolowo University, Nigeria.
Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS); North Africa: Roman Occupation, Empire; Sanhaja.

Anthony, Douglas A. Department of History, Franklin and Marshall College, Pennsylvania.
Nigeria: Federalism, Corruption, Popular Discontent: 1960-1966.

Anyake, Joseph B. Department of History, University of Nigeria.
History, African: Sources of.

Arnold, Guy. Writer and lecturer, London, England.
Algeria: Ben Bella, Boumédienne, era of, 1960s and 1970s; Beira Corridor; Civil War: Postcolonial Africa; Commonwealth, Africa and the; Congo (Kinshasa), Democratic Republic of/ Zaire: Civil War, 1960-1965; Diamonds; East African Community, The, 1967-1977; Ethiopia: Civil war and Liberation (to 1993); Industrialization and Development; Kaunda, Kenneth; Liberia: Doe, Samuel K., Life and Era of; Libya: Foreign Policy under Gaddafi; Lumumba, Patrice; Nigeria: Military Rule, 1983-1999; Pan-African Technical Organizations and Associations; Polisario and the Western Sahara; Suez Canal; Water Supplies and Schemes; Zimbabwe (Rhodesia): UDI and the Smith Regime, 1964-1979.

Awasom, Nicodemus. Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of the Gambia.
Cameroon: Rebellion, Independence, Unification, 1960-1961.

Azevedo, Mario. Department of African-American Studies, University of North Carolina.
Chad, 19th Century: Kanem/Borno (Bornu) and Wadai; Chad: Colonial Period: French Rule.

Bangura, Abdul Karim. School of International Service, American University, Washington, D.C.
Egypt: Sadat, Nationalism, 1970-1981; Freetown; Futa Jalon to 1800; Sierra Leone: Momoh, Joseph Saidu: Regime, 1986-1992.

Barham, Lawrence S. Department of Archaeology, University of Bristol, England.
Stone Age (Later): Central and Southern Africa.

Barry, Ismael. Faculté des Lettres et Sciences Humaines, Université de Conakry, Guinea.
Futa Jalon: 19th Century; Guinea: Decolonization, Independence.

Bayer, Gerd. Department. of Modern Languages & Literatures, Case Western Reserve University, Ohio.
Achebe, Chinua; Ngugi wa Thiong'o.

Beauregard, Erving. Professor Emeritus of History, University of Dayton, Ohio.
Senegal: Faidherbe, Louis and Expansion of French Senegal, 1854-1865.

Bechhaus-Gerst, Marianne. Institute of Afrikan Studies, Universität zu Köln, Germany.
Egypt, Ancient, and Africa; Nubia: Banu Kanz, Juhayna, Arabization of the Nilotic Sudan; Oromo: Migration and Expansion: Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries; Oromo: Origins, Social and Economic Organization.

Bennison, Kate. Faculty of Oriental Studies, University of Cambridge, England.
Morocco: Mawlay 'Abd al-Rahman, Life and Era of; Morocco: Mawlay Isma'il and Empire of; Morocco: Mawlay Sulayman, Life and Era of.

Berliner, David. Faculté des Sciences sociales, politiques et économiques/Ecole de commerce Solvay, Université Libre de Bruxelles.
Guinea: 1984 to the Present.

Beswick, Stephanie. Department of History, Ball State University, Indiana.
Nilotes, Eastern Africa: Western Nilotes: Shilluk, Nuer, Dinka, Anyuak.

Beyan, Amos. Department of History, West Virginia University.
Blyden, E.W.; Mane: Migrations, Sixteenth Century, History of.

Bhana, Surendra. Department of History, University of Kansas.
South Africa: Gandhi, Indian Question.

Boahen, Adu. Historian, Ghana.
Akan States: 18th Century; Akan States: Bono, Dankyira, Wassa, Akyem, Akwamu, Fante, 15th to 17th Centuries; Ghana (Republic of): Colonization, Resistance, 1875-1901; Nkrumah, Kwame.

Boilley, Pierre. Professor of Contemporary African History, Université Paris 1 - Panthéon Sorbonne et Directeur du laboratoire CNRS/U-PARIS 1 (UMR 8054)
MALD (Mutations africaines dans la longue durée), France.
Mali, Republic of: Keita, Modibo, Life and Era of; Mali, Republic of: Nationalism, Federation, Independence; Mali, Republic of : Politics, Economics: 1990s; Morocco: Ahmad al-Mansur and Invasion of Songhay; Tuareg: 20th Century; Tukolor Empire of al-Hajj Umar.

Bondarev, Dmitry. University of St. Petersburg, Russia.
Borno (Bornu), Sultanate of, 17th and 18th Centuries; Borno (Bornu), Sultanate of: Origins and Rise, 15th Century; 'Uthman dan Fodio.

Bonner, Phil. Department of History, University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa.
South Africa: African National Congress (ANC); South Africa: Industrial And Commercial Workers Union (ICU); Swaziland: Sobhuza I, Foundation of Ngwane Kingdom; Swaziland: Swazi Kingdom, Survival of, 1839-1879.

Bradshaw, Richard A. Department of History, Centre College, Danville, Kentucky.
Boganda, Barthélemy; Central African Republic: 19th Century: Gbaya, Banda and Azande.

Bridges, Roy. Emeritus Professor of History, University of Aberdeen, Scotland and President of the Hakluyt Society.
Europe: Explorers, Adventurers, Traders; Zanzibar: Britain, Germany, Scramble.

Brinkman, Inge. Ghent University, Belgium.
Angola: MPLA, FNLA, UNITA, War of Liberation, 1961-1974; Neto, Agostinho.

Browne, Dallas L. Department of Anthropology, Southern Illinois University, Edwardsville.
Aja-speaking Peoples: Dahomey, Rise of, 17th Century; Egypt, Ancient: Ptolemaic Dynasty: Historical Outline; Egypt: Arab Conquest; Liberia: Tolbert, William, Life and Era of; Liberia: Tubman, William V.S., Life and Era of; Odinga, A. Oginga; Tanganyika (Tanzania): Chama Cha Mapinduzi (CCM), One Party Politics; Tanzania (Tanganyika): Uganda, Relations with; Tutu, Desmond.

Burns, James. Department of History, Clemson University, South Carolina.
Press: Tropical Africa; Welensky, Roy; Zimbabwe (Southern Rhodesia): Federation; Zimbabwe (Southern Rhodesia): Nationalist Politics, 1950s and 1960s; Zimbabwe (Southern Rhodesia): Urbanization and Conflict, 1940s.

Burton, Andrew. British Institute in Eastern Africa, Kenya.
Dar es Salaam; Zanzibar (City).

Butanko, Muya. Musée National de Lubumbashi and Université de Lubumbashi, Katanga, Democratic Republic of Congo.
Iron Age (Later): Central Africa; Iron Age (Later): Central Africa: Peoples, Forest; Iron Age (Later): Central Africa: Upemba Basin.

Calvert, John. Department of History, Creighton University, Omaha, Nebraska.
Abouh, Muhammad; Egypt: Fatimid Caliphate; Egypt: Salafiyya, Muslim Brotherhood; Ibn Khaldun: Civilization of the Maghrib; Ibn Khaldun: History of the Berbers; Libya: Muhammad al-Sanusi (c.1790-1859) and the Sanusiyya.

Campbell, Gwyn. PRATIC, University of Avignon, France.
Madagascar: Colonial Period: French Rule; Madagascar: French Conquest, Colonization; Madagascar: Malagasy Kingdoms, Evolution of; Madagascar: Merina Kingdom, 19th Century; Madagascar: Prehistory and Development to c. 1500; Slavery: East Africa: 18th Century.

Carton, Benedict. Department of History, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia.
South Africa: Capitalist Farming, "Poor Whites," Labor.

Chabal, Patrick. Department of Portuguese and Brazilian, King's College, England.
Political Systems.

Chafer, Tony. School of Languages & Area Studies, University of Portsmouth, England.
Education: French West Africa; Senegal: Nationalism, Federation, Independence; Senegal: World War II.

Cheeseboro, Anthony. Department of Historical Studies, Southern Illionois University, Edwardsville.
Buthelezi and Inkatha Freedom Party; Diaspora: Historiographical Debates; Sobukwe, Robert and the Pan-Africanist Congress; Sudan: Condominium Period: Economy; Sudan: Cotton, Irrigation and Oil, 1970s; Yoruba States: Oyo.

Christelow, Allan. Department of History, Idaho State University.
Algeria: Arabism and Islamism; Algeria, Colonial: Islamic Ideas and Movements in; Algeria: Islamic Salvation Front, Military Rule, Civil War, 1990s; Algeria: Muslim Population, 1871-1954; Algiers; Law, Islamic: Postcolonial Africa; World War I: North and Saharan Africa.

Chuku, Gloria I. Department of History & Political Science, South Carolina State University.
Igboland, 19th Century; Port Harcourt.

Clark, Andrew F. Department of History, University of North Carolina at Wilmington.
Diouf, Abdou; Fulbe/Fulani/Peul: Origins; Futa Toro; Gambia, The: 19th Century to Independence; Gambia, The: Independence to the Present; Gambia, The: Relations with Senegal; Senegal: 19th Century; Senegal: Casamance Province, Conflict in; Senegal: Independence to the Present; Senegal: World War I.

Clark, John F. Department of International Relations, Florida International University.
Cold War, Africa and the; Congo (Brazzaville), Republic of: Independence, Revolution, 1958-1979; Congo (Brazzaville), Republic of: Liberalization, Rebellion, 1980s and 1990s; Sassou-Nguesso, Denis.

Clark, Nancy L. Department of History, California Polytechnic State University.
South Africa: Industry, Labor, Urbanization, 1940-1946; South Africa: Segregation, Political Economy of.

Cleaver, Gerry. School of International Studies and Law, Coventry University, England.
Arms, Armies: Postcolonial Africa; Peacekeeping: Postcolonial Africa.

Cobley, Alan Gregor. Faculty of Humanities and Education, University of the West Indies, Barbados.
Professions, Africans in: Colonial.

Cockerton, Camilla. Department of Geography, University of Canterbury, New Zealand.
African Development Bank (ADB); Aid, International, NGOs and the State; Education in Colonial sub-Saharan Africa; Education in Postcolonial sub-Saharan Africa; Gender and Migration: Southern Africa; Population and Demography.

Cole, Jennifer. Committee on Human Development, University of Chicago.
Madagascar: Great Rebellion, 1947-1948.

Collins, Robert O. Department of History, University of California, Santa Barbara.
Bagirmi, Wadai and Darfur; Chad: Libya, Aouzou Strip, Civil War; Egypt, North Africa: Scramble; Kanem: Decline, Merge with Borno (c.1400); Khartoum; Massassi and the Kaarta State; Rabih ibn Fadl Allah, Bahr el-Ghazal, Borno; Salah al-Din/Saladin; Sudan: Sadiq Al-Mahdi Regime, 1980s.

Conrad, David C. Department of History, State University of New York, Oswego.
Mali Empire, Sundiata and Origins of; Mansa Musa, Mali Empire and; Segu: Origins and Growth of a Bamana Kingdom.

Coquery-Vidrovitch, Catherine. Professeur émérite, Université Paris 7 - Denis Diderot.
Drought, Famine, Displacement.

Crummey, Donald E. Department of History, University of Illinois at Urbana.
Ethiopia: Eighteenth Century; Ethiopia: Early Nineteenth Century; Ethiopia: Tewodros II, Era of.

Curtis, Kenneth R. Department of History, California State University, Long Beach.
Tanganyika (Tanzania): African Association, 1929-48; Tanganyika (Tanzania): Nationalism, TANU, Independence.

Daftary, Farhad. Department of Academic Research and Publication (DARP), Institute of Ismaili Studies, England.
Egypt: Fatimids, Later: 1073-1171.

Daloz, Jean-Pascal. Chercheur au CNRS, Centre d'étude d'Afrique Nord, France.
Political Élites and Patronage: Postcolonial Africa; Zambia: 1991 to the Present; Zambia: Second Republic, 1973-1991.

Darkwah, Kofi. Department of History, University of Botswana.
Ethiopia, c.1550-c.1700; Ethiopia, Portuguese and, 16th-17th centuries; Ethiopia: Johannes IV, Era of, (1868-89); Europe: Industrialization and Imperialism; Massawa, Ethiopia and the Ottoman Empire.

Davidson, John. Department of History and Welsh History, University of Wales, Aberystwyth (Retired).
Martial Races; Sierra Leone: Protectorate: Economy; Sierra Leone: Temne, Mende and the Colony.

Degorge, Barabara. Director of Institutional Effectiveness, American University, Dubai, United Arab Emirates.
Morocco: Education since Independence; Tunisia: Educational Policy and Development since Independence.

Derrick, Jonathan.
Algeria: International Relations, 1962-Present; Algeria: Nationalism and Reform, 1911-1954; Central African Republic: Colonial Period: Occupation, Resistance, Baya Revolt, 1928; Diagne, Guèye and Politics of Senegal, 1920s and 1930s; Douala; Journalism, African: Colonial Era; Kouyaté, Tiemoko Garan; Morocco: Resistance and Collaboration, Bu Hmara to Abdlekrim (Ibn 'Abd el-Krim); Nyerere, Julius; Tangier; Wallace-Johnson, I.T.A. and Radical Politics: West Africa: 1930s.

Devereux, David R. Department of History, Canisius College, Buffalo, New York.
Colonial Federations: French Equatorial Africa; Colonial Federations: French West Africa; Federations and Unions, Postcolonial; Transport Infrastructure.

Dibie, Robert. Department of Government, Western Kentucky University.
Nigeria: Army.

Dibua, Jeremiah. Department of History and Geography, Morgan State University, Baltimore, Maryland.
Nigeria: Conferences, Commissions, Nigerian Constitution: 1956-1960; Nigeria: Murtala Muhammed, Obasanjo and Return to Civilian Rule, 1975-1979; Nigeria: Opposition, 1990s, to the Fourth Republic; Nigeria: Second Republic, 1979-1983; World Bank, IMF and Structural Adjustment.

Digre, Brian. Department of History and Geography, Elon University, North Carolina.
Colonialism, overthrow of: Sub-Saharan Africa; Ghana (Republic of): Nationalism, Independence; South Africa: World War I and II.

Dimier, Veronique. Université Libre de Bruxelles, Belgium.
Lomé Conventions (Africa and the European Union); Réunion: 1946 to the Present.

Dioka, L.C. Department of History, University of Lagos, Nigeria.
Nok Culture: Terracotta, Iron.

Dodson, Aidan. Department of Archaeology, University of Bristol, England.
Akhenaten; Egypt, Ancient: Architecture; Egypt, Ancient: Chronology; Egypt, Ancient: Economy: Redistributive: Palace, Temple; Egypt, Ancient: Funeral Practices and Mummification; Egypt, Ancient: Hieroglyphics and Origins of Alphabet; Egypt, Ancient: Middle Kingdom: Historical Outline; Egypt, Ancient: Old Kingdom and its Contacts to the South: Historical Outline.

Domergue-Cloarec, Danielle. Université Paul Valéry, Montpellier III, France.
Ivory Coast (Côte d'Ivoire): Colonial Period: Administration and Economy; Ivory Coast (Côte d'Ivoire): PDCI (Parti Démocratique de la Côte d'Ivoire); Niger: Colonial Period to Independence.

Donkoh, Wilhelmina. Department of General and African Studies, University of Science and Technology, Ghana.
Clothing and cultural change; Kumasi.

Dorward, David C. African Research Institute, La Trobe University, Australia.
Liberia: Firestone; Western Sahara: 19th Century to the Present.

Doyle, Shane. British Institute in East Africa, Kenya.
Bunyoro; Kabarega and Bunyoro; Uganda: Early 19th Century.

Driver, Thackwray. Independent scholar, Trinidad & Tobago.
Lesotho (Basutoland): Colonial Period; Lesotho (Basutoland): Peasantry, rise of.

Dubois, Colette. Institut d'Etudes africaines, La Maison Méditerranéenne des Sciences de l'Homme, France.
Djibouti: 19th Century to the Present: survey.

Dulucq, Sophie. Department of Modern History, Université de Toulouse-le Mirail, France.
Bamako; Fonds d'Investment pour le Développement Economique et Social (FIDES, 1946); Urbanization: Colonial Context.

Dumbuya, Peter A. Department of Social & Behavioral Sciences, Fort Valley State University, Georgia.
Mandates: League of Nations and United Nations.

Dumett, Raymond E. Department of History, Purdue University, Indiana.
Akan and Asante: Farmers, Traders, Emergence of Akan States; Anti-Slavery Movement; Byzantine Africa, 533-710; Gold: Akan Goldfields: 1400 to 1800; Gold: Mining Industry of Ghana: 1800 to the Present.

Dunn, Kevin C. Department of Political Science, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Geneva, New York.
Congo (Kinshasa), Democratic Republic of/ Zaire: Evolués, Politics, Independence; Congo (Kinshasa), Democratic Republic of/ Zaire: Mobutu, Zaïre, Mobutuism.

Duperray, Anne-Marie.
Burkina Faso (Upper Volta): 19th Century; Burkina Faso (Upper Volta): Colonial period.

Eckert, Andreas. Zentrum Moderner Orient, Humboldt Universität, Germany.
Cameroon: 19th Century; Colonial Administrations, Africans in; Colonial European Administrations: Comparative Survey; Yaoundé.

Ekechi, Felix. Department of History, Kent State University, Ohio.
Medical Factor in Christian Conversion.

Emizet, Kisangani. Department of Political Science, Kansas State University.
Zaire: Politics, Regional.

Erlank, Natasha. Department of History, Rand Afrikaans University, South Africa.
Botswana: Missionaries, 19th Century; Iron Age (Later): Southern Africa: Ethnicity, Language, Identity; Iron Age (Later): Southern Africa: Highveld, Emergence of States on; Iron Age (Later): Southern Africa: Leopard's Kopje, Bambandyanalo and Mapungubwe; Iron Age (Later): Southern Africa: Toutswemogala, Cattle and Political Power.

Esedebe, Peter. Department of History, University of Nigeria.
Diaspora: Colonial Era.

Etherington, Norman A. Department of History, University of Western Australia.
Boer Expansion: Interior of South Africa; Difaqane on the Highveld; Lesotho: Treaties and Conflict on the Highveld, 1843-1868; Missionary Enterprise: Pre-Colonial; Moshoeshoe I, Founding of the Basotho kingdom; Natal, 19th Century; White Settler Factor: Economic And Political

Falola, Toyin. Department of History, University of Texas, Austin.
Lagos; Nigeria: Colonial Period: Federation; Nigeria: World War I; Obasanjo, Olusegun.

Fanthorpe, Richard. Department of Anthropology, University College London, England.
Forest Peoples: Sierra Leone, Liberia and Ivory Coast: History of to 1800; Sierra Leone: Development of the Colony, 19th Century.

Faseke, Modupeolu. Department of History and International Studies, Lagos State University, Nigeria.
Yoruba-Speaking Peoples.

Filatova, Irina I. Department of History, University of Durban-Westville, South Africa.
Soviet Union and Africa.

Finneran, Niall. Department of Archaeology, University of Southampton, England.
Permanent Settlement, Early; Rock Art: Eastern Africa; Stone Age (Later): Eastern Africa.

Fleisch, Axel. Visiting scholar, Department of Linguistics, University of California, Berkeley.
Angola: Ambaquista, Imbangala and Long-Distance trade; Angola: Chokwe, Ovimbundu, 19th Century; Angola: Scramble; Angola: Slave Trade, Abolition of.

Fomin, E.S.D. Yaounde University, Cameroon.
Slavery in African Society.

Fuller, Dorian Q. Institute of Archaeology, University College London, England.
Crop Cultivation: the Evidence; Farming: Stone Age Farmers of the Savannah; Farming: Tropical Forest Zones.

Fyfe, Christopher.
Horton, James Africanus Beale; Sierra Leone: Christianity, Education, Krio Diaspora.

Gadzekpo, Leonard. Black American Studies Program, Southern Illinois University.
Colonialism: Ideology of Empire: Supremacist, Paternalist; Slavery: Atlantic Trade: Trans-Atlantic Passage.

Gaillard, Gérald. Centre Lillois d'Etudes et de Recherches Sociologiques et Economiques, Université des Sciences et Technologies de Lille, France.
Guinea-Bissau: 19th century to 1960; Guinea-Bissau: Cabral, Amílcar, PAICG, Independence, 1961-1973.

Gardinier, David. Department of History, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin.
Gabon: Bongo, Omar and the One-Party State, 1967 to the Present; Gabon: Colonial Period: Social Transformation; Gabon: Decolonization and the Politics of Independence, 1945-1967.

Gearon, Eamonn. Independent researcher, Hanover, New Hampshire.
Burkina Faso (Upper Volta): Independence to the Present; Burundi: 1988 to Present; Central Africa, Northern: Arab Penetration, Rise of Cavalry States; Central Africa, Northern: Central Sudanic Peoples; Central Africa, Northern: Chadic Peoples; Central Africa, Northern: Islam, Pilgrimage; Hunting, Foraging; Maghrib, European Expansion into, 1250-1550; Morocco: Economics and Social Change since Independence; Morocco: International Relations since Independence; North Africa, Ancient: Urbanization; Rwanda: to 1800; Sahara: Salt: Production, Trade.

Gimode, Edwin. Department of History, Kenyatta University, Kenya.
Mboya, Tom J.

Ginio, Ruth. Institute of Asian and African Studies, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel.
World War II: French West Africa, Equatorial Africa.

Gocking, Roger. Division of Civic and Cultural Studies, Mercy College, Dobbs Ferry, New York.
Accra; Casely Hayford, J.E.; Ghana (Republic of) (Gold Coast): Colonial Period: Administration.

Goeh-Akue, N.A. Michel. Université de Togo.
Lomé; Togo: Dual Mandate Colonial Rule, 1919-1957.

Goerg, Odile. Professeure d'historie contemporaine, Université des Sciences
Humaines de Strasbourg, France.
Conakry; Guinea: Colonial Period; Guinea: Touré, Ahmed Sekou, Era of.

Goldschmidt, Arthur. Department of History & Religious Studies, Penn State University.
Egypt: Nationalism, World War I and the Wafd, 1882-1922; Egypt: Printing, Broadcasting.

Gondola, Charles Didier. Department of History, Indiana University- Purdue University-Indianapolis.
Brazzaville; Congo (Brazzaville), Republic of: Colonial Period: Moyen-Congo; Congo (Brazzaville), Republic of: De Brazza and French Colonization; Congo (Brazzaville), Republic of: Nineteenth Century: Pre-Colonial; Congo (Kinshasa), Democratic Republic of/ Zaire: Belgian Congo: Administration and Society, 1908-60; Congo (Kinshasa), Democratic Republic of/ Zaire: Belgian Congo: Colonial Economy, 1908-1960; Kimbangu, Simon and Kimbanguism.

Goodridge, Richard. Department of History, University of the West Indies, Barbados.
Labor: Decline in Traditional Forms of Exploitation; Plantations and Labor, Colonial.

Goodwin, Stefan. Professor of Anthropology, Morgan State University, Baltimore, Maryland (retired).
Stone Age (Later): Nile Valley.

Gordon, Robert J. Department of Anthropology, University of Vermont.
Namibia (South West Africa): League of Nations, United Nations Mandate.

Haggman, Bertil. Swedish Writer's Union.
Vandals: North Africa.

Hamblin, William. Department of History, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah.
Egypt: Ayyubid Dynasty, 1169-1250; Egypt: Fatimids, Later (1073-1171): Army and Administration; Egypt: Mamluk dynasty (1250-1517): Army and Iqta' System.

Hanlon, Joseph. Development Policy and Practice, The Open University, England.
Debt, International, Development and Dependency; Mozambique: Renamo, Destabilization; South Africa: Anti-Apartheid Struggle, International.

Hargreaves, John. Faculty of Social Sciences, The Open University, England.
Berlin West Africa Conference, 1884-1885; Boundaries, Colonial.

Hartmann, Wolfram. University of Namibia.
Namibia: 19th Century to 1880; Namibia (South West Africa): Nama and Herero Risings.

Harvey, Charles. Botswana Institute for Development Policy Analysis, Botswana.
Banking and Finance; Botswana: Independence: Economic Development, Politics; Zambia: First Republic, 1964-1972.

Haynes, Jeffrey. Department of Law, Governance, and International Relations, London Metropolitan University, England.
Algeria: Bendjedid and Elections, 1978-1990; Arab and Islamic World, Africa in; Benin (Republic of)/ Dahomey: Independence, Coup, Politics; Congo (Kinshasa), Democratic Republic of/ Zaire: National Conference and politics of opposition, 1990-1996; Congo (Kinshasa), Democratic Republic of/ Zaire: Post-Mobutu Era; Ghana, Republic of: Social and Economic Development: First Republic; Human Rights: Postcolonial Africa; Mauritius: 1982 to the Present; Rawlings, J.J.; Religion, Colonial Africa: Conversion to World Religions; Religion, Colonial Africa: Prophetic Movements; Religion, Colonial Africa:Religious Responses to Colonial Rule; Religion, Postcolonial Africa: African Theology, Indigenization; Religion, Postcolonial Africa: Independence and Churches, Mission-Linked and Independent; Religion, Postcolonial Africa: Islam; Resistance to Colonialism; Uganda: Reconstruction: Politics, Economics.

Herbert, Eugenia. Department of History, Mount Holyoke College, South Hadley, Massachusetts.
Metalworking: Origins of Iron-Working.

Hinds, Allister E. Department of History, University of the West Indies, Jamaica.
Colonial Imports vs. Indigenous Crafts; World War II: Sub-Saharan Africa: Economic Impact.

Hoover, Jeff. University of Lubumbashi, Democratic Republic of Congo.
Kazembe's Eastern Lunda; Lunda: Kingdoms, 17th and 18th Centuries; Lunda: Mwaant Yaav (Mwata Yamvo) and Origins; Lunda: Titles.

† Hymans, Jacques. Department of History, San Francisco State University.
Négritude; Senghor Léopold Sédar.

Ijoma, J.Okoro. Department of History, University of Nigeria.
Igbo and Igala.

Ikram, Salima. Department of Egyptology, American University in Cairo, Egypt.
Egypt, Ancient: Agriculture; Egypt, Ancient: Literacy; Egypt, Ancient: Social Organization.

Insoll, Timothy. Department of Art History & Archaeology, University of Manchester, England.
Religion: Islam, Growth of: Western Africa; Songhay Empire, Gao and Origins of; Timbuktu.

Isaac, Tseggai. Department of History and Political Science, University of Missouri at Rolla.
Eritrea: 1941 to the present.

Jaggar, Philip. Department of Africa, School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London, England.
Language Classification.

Jansen, Jan. Department of Cultural Anthropology, University of Leiden, the Netherlands.
Mali (Republic of): Economy and Society, 19th Century; Touré, Samori and His Empire.

Jennings, Christian. University of Texas at Austin.
Eastern Savannah, Political Authority in; Geography, Environment in African History; Hunting, Colonial Era; Nilotes, Eastern Africa: Maasai.

Johnson, Amy. Department of History, Berry College, Mount Berry, Georgia.
'Abd al-Qadir; Alexandria; Algeria: War of Independence, 1954-1962; Cairo; Colonialism: Impact on African societies; Egypt: Cromer administration, 1883-1907: irrigation, agriculture and industry; Egypt, World War II and; Ibn Battuta, Mali Empire and; Morocco: French and Spanish Protectorates, 1903-1914; Morocco: Hay, Edward and John Drummond, British Diplomatic Protection, 1829-1903; Morocco: Immigration and Colonization, 1900-1950; Morocco: Mawlay Hasan and the Makhzen; Northern Africa; Religion, Colonial Africa: Islamic Orders and Movements; Sudan: Omdurman and Reconquest.

Jok, Jok Madut. Department of History, Loyola Marymount University, Los Angeles, California.
Garang, John, and the Sudan Peoples' Liberation Party (SPLA); Sudan: Civil War: 1990s.

Jones, James A. Department of History, West Chester University, West Chester, Pennsylvania.
Dakar; Mali (Republic of): Colonial Soudan Français; Senegal: Colonial Period: Railways.

Jusu, Michael J. Department of History, University of the Gambia.
Mandinka States of the Gambia; Sierra Leone: Margai, Sir Milton: Independence, Government of; Sierra Leone: Protectorate: Administration and Government; Sierra Leone: Stevens, Siaka and the APC.

Kahera, Akel Ismail. College of Architecture, Texas Tech University.
Mosque, Sub-Saharan: Art and Architecture of.

Kalinga, Owen. Department of History, North Carolina State University.
Banda, Dr. Hastings Kamuzu; Blantyre; Malawi: Independence to the Present; Malawi: Nationalism, Independence.

Kallaway, Peter. Faculty of Education, University of the Western Cape, South Africa.
South Africa: Apartheid, Education and.

Kanduza, Ackson M. Department of History, University of Swaziland.
Labotsibeni, Queen.

Katanekwa, Nick. National Heritage Conservation Commission, Zambia.
Ingombe Ilede; Iron Age (Later): Central Africa: Luangwa Tradition.

Katzenellenbogen, Simon. Department of History, University of Manchester, England.
Congo (Kinshasa), Democratic Republic of/ Zaire: Mineral Factor; Mining; Mozambique: Colonial Period: Labor, Migration, Administration; Railways; South Africa: Gold on the Witwatersrand, 1886-1899.

Kawewe, Saliwe M. School of Social Work, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale.
Zimbabwe: Second Chimurenga, 1966-1979; Zimbabwe: Since 1990.

Kerr-Ritchie, Jeff. Department of History, Wesleyan University, Middletown, Connecticut.
Slavery, Atlantic Basin in the Era of.

Killingray, David. Department of History, Goldsmiths College, University of London, England .
Du Bois, W.E.B. and Pan-Africanism; Military: Colonialism, Conquest, Resistance.

King, Lamont. Department of History, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Virginia.
Sokoto Caliphate: Hausa, Fulani and Founding of.

Kitchen, Kenneth. Professor Emeritus, School of Archaeology, Classics, and Oriental Studies (SACOS), University of Liverpool, England.
Punt and Its Neighbors; Ramses II.

Kiyaga-Mulindwa, David. Teacher Training College, Uganda.
Buganda to the 19th Century; Education, Higher, in Postcolonial Africa; Great Lakes Region: Kitara and the Chwezi Dynasty; Kampala; Museums, History of: Postcolonial Africa; Mutesa, Kabaka; Nyabingi Cult and Resistance.

Klein, Martin A. Professor Emeritus, Department of History, University of Toronto, Canada.
Futa Toro, Early 19th Century; Legitimate Commerce, Export Slave Trade, 19th century; Senegal: Colonial Period: Administration and Assimilation; Slavery: Mediterranean, Red Sea, Indian Ocean.

Klein-Arendt, Reinhard. Institute for African Studies, University of Cologne, Germany.
Bantu Cultivators: Kenyan Highlands; Malawi: Long-Distance Trade, 19th Century; Malawi: Ngoni Incursions from the South, 19th Century; Maravi: Kalonga Masula: Empire, Trade; Maravi: Phiri Clan, Lundu and Undi Dynasties; Maravi: Zimba "Invasions"; Rwanda: Colonial Period: German and Belgian Rule; Sirikwa and Engaruka: Dairy Farming, Irrigation; Slave Trade: Arms, Ivory, and (East and Central Africa); Upare, Usambara, Kilimanjaro; Zanzibar: Colonial Period; Zanzibar: Trade: Slaves, Ivory.

Kleinitz, Cornelia. Institute of Archaeology, University College London, England.
Rock Art: Western and Central Africa.

Krieger, Milton. Department of Liberal Studies, Western Washington University, Bellingham, Washington.
Cameroon: Independence to the Present.

Kwesi Aning, Emmanuel. Institute for Security Studies, South Africa.
Liberia: Civil war, ECOMOG and Return to Civilian Rule; Taylor, Charles.

Labode, Modupe G. Department of History, Iowa State University.
Makeke, Charlotte Makhanye; South Africa: Missionaries: 19th century.

Lame, Danielle de. Royal Museum for Central Africa, Belgium.
Rwanda : Pre-Colonial, 19th Century; Rwanda: Civil Unrest, Independence, 1959-1962.

Lamphear, John. Department of History, University of Texas, Austin.
Nilotes, Eastern Africa: Eastern Nilotes: Ateker (Karimojong); Nilotes, Eastern Africa: Southern Nilotes: Kalenjin, Dadog, Pokot; Swahili, Portuguese and: 1498-1589; Tanganyika (Tanzania): Ngoni Incursion from the South.

Lane, Paul. British Institute in Eastern Africa, Kenya.
Iron Age (Early): Farming, Eastern Africa; Iron Age (Later): East Africa: Salt; Iron Age (Later): East Africa: Trade; Nilotes, Eastern Africa: Origins, Pastoralism, Migration; Nilotes, Eastern Africa: Western Nilotes: Luo; Production and Exchange, Pre-Colonial.

Laumann, Dennis. Department of History, University of Memphis.
Aja-Speaking Peoples: Aja, Fon, Ewe, 17th and 18th Centuries; Togo: German Colonial Rule.

Lawal, Babatunde. Department of Art History, Virgina Commonwealth University.
Art and Architecture, History of African.

Lawal, Kunle. Department of History, Lagos State University, Nigeria.
Allada and Slave Trade; Balewa, Alhaji Sir Abubakar; Bello, Alhaji Sir Ahmadu; Hailey: An African Survey; Ife, Oyo, Yoruba, Ancient: Kingship and Art.

Lawrance, Benjamin. Department of History, University of California, Davis.
Olympio, Sylvanus; World History, Africa in.

Leaver, David.
Great Zimbabwe: Colonial Historiography.

Lester, Alan. Department of Geography, University of Sussex, England.
Cape Colony: British Occupation, 1806-1872; Hundred Years' War, 1779-1878.

† Levtzion, Nehemia. Department of History, Hebrew University of Jerusalem.
Egypt and Africa (1000-1500).

Lewis-Williams, J.D. Professor Emeritus, Department of Geography, Archaeology and Environmental Studies, University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa.
Rock Art: Southern Africa.

Liesegang, Gerhard. Department of History, Eduardo Mondlane University, Mozambique.
Mozambique: 19th Century, Early; Mozambique: Ngoni Incursions from the South; Soshangane, Umzila, Gungunhane and the Gaza State.

Limb, Peter. Africana Bibliographer and History Department, Michigan State University.
Matthews, Z.K.; Mphahlele, Ezekiel; South Africa: Mining; Trade Unions: Postcolonial; Trades Unionism and Nationalism.

Locatelli, Francesca. PhD candidate, School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London.
Eritrea: Ottoman Province to Italian Colony; Ethiopia: Italian Invasion and Occupation: 1935-1940.

Lodge, Tom. Department of Political Studies, University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa.
Angola: Revolts, 1961; Pretoria.

Luig, Ute. Institut für Ethnologie, Germany.
Ivory Coast (Côte d'Ivoire): Colonization and Resistance.

Lwamba Bilonda, Michel. Université de Lubumbashi, Democratic Republic of Congo.
Lubumbashi.

MacKenzie, John. Emeritus Professor of Imperial History, Lancaster University, and Honorary Professor, University of Aberdeen.
Rhodes, Jameson, and Seizure of Rhodesia; Southern Africa; Zimbabwe (Southern Rhodesia): Ndebele and Shona Risings: First Chimurenga.

MacKinnon, Aran. Department of History, State University of West Georgia.
Anglo-Zulu War, 1879-1887; Durban; Pedi Kingdom, and Transvaal, 1822-1879; Shaka and Zulu Kingdom, 1810-1840.

MacLean, Rachel. School of Art History and Archaeology, University of Manchester, England.
Iron Age (Early): Farming, Equatorial Africa; Iron Age (Later): East Africa: Cattle, Wealth, Power; Iron Age (Later): East Africa: Labor, Gender, Production; Iron Age (Later): East Africa: Societies, Evolution of.

Mafela, L. Department of Language and Social Science Education, University of Botswana.
Phelps-Stokes Commission.

Mahoney, Michael R. Department of History, Yale University.
Bhambatha Rebellion, 1906; South Africa: Peasantry, African.

Maloba, Wunyabari O. Department of History, University of Delaware.
Colonialism, overthrow of: Women and the Nationalist Struggle; Kenya: Mau Mau Revolt.

Mangut, B.M. University of Ahmadu Bello, Nigeria.
Igbo-Ukwo.

Mangut, J.D. University of Ahmadu Bello, Nigeria.
Climate and Vegetational Change.

Marks, Shula. Professor Emeritus, School of Oriental and African Studies, London, England.
Cetshwayo; Dube, John Langalibalele; Rhodes, Cecil J.; Smuts, Jan C.; South Africa: Peace, Reconstruction, Union: 1902-1910.

Marschall, Sabine. Department of Cultural and Heritage Tourism, University of Durban-Westville, South Africa.
Art, Postcolonial.

Masonen, Pekka. Department of History, University of Tampere, Finland.
Africanus, Leo; Carvajal, Luis del Mármól; Ghana, Empire: Historiography of Origins; Historiography of Western Africa, 1790s-1860s.

Massey, Simon. African Studies Centre, Coventry University, England.
Chad: Independence to the Present; Guinea-Bissau: Independence to the Present; Tombalbaye, F. Ngarta.

Mathe-Shires, Laszlo.
Benin Kingdom: British Conquest, 1897; Hausa Polities: Urbanism, Industry and Commerce; Lagos Colony and Oil Rivers Protectorate; Nigeria: British Colonization to 1914; Nigeria: Lugard, Administration, Indirect Rule; Sokoto Caliphate, 19th Century.

Mathews, Kay. Department of African Studies, University of Delhi, India.
Refugees; Somalia: Independence, Conflict, Revolution.

Maxon, Robert. Department of History, West Virginia University.
Kenya: Colonial Period: Administration, Christianity, Education and Protest to 1940; Kenya: Colonial Period: Land, Labor and Production, 1920s and 1930s; Kenya: East African Protectorate and the Uganda Railway.

Maxwell, David. Department of History, Keele University, England.
Religion, Colonial Africa: Independent, Millenarian/Syncretic Churches; Religion, Postcolonial Africa: Neo-Pentecostalism; Zimbabwe: 1880s.

May, Timothy. Department of History, University of Wisconsin-Madison.
Egypt: Mamluk Dynasty: Baybars, Qalawun, Mongols, 1250-1300.

Maylam, Paul R. Department of History, Rhodes University, South Africa.
Botswana: Bechuanaland Protectorate, Founding of: 1885-1899; South Africa: Apartheid, 1948-59; South Africa: Soweto Uprising.

M'bayo, Tamba. Department of History, Michigan State University.
Benin (Republic of)/ Dahomey: Colonial Period.

McAllister, Patrick. Department of Sociology, University of Canterbury, New Zealand.
Labor: Cooperative Work.

McIntosh, Robert. Department of English, Mary Ward Centre, London, England.
South Africa: Homelands and "Bantustans"; Verwoerd, H.F.

McIntosh, Susan K. Department of Anthropology, Rice University, Houston, Texas.
Stone Age (Later): Western Africa; Urbanization and Site Hierarchy: West Africa: Savannah and Sahel.

McLaughlin, Glen W. Drake University.
Ma'al-Aynayn; Maghrib: Muslim Brotherhoods; Mauritania: Colonial Period: 19th Century; Mauritania: Independence and Western Sahara, 1960-1979; Morocco: Spain in Morocco and the Sahara, 1900-1958.

McNulty, Mel. Foreign and Commonwealth Office, Africa Research Group, England.
Rwanda: 1962-1990.

Mendel, Daniela. Seminar für Ägyptologie der Universität zu Köln, Germany.
Egypt, Ancient: Religion.

Messier, Ron. Department of History, Middle Tennessee State University.
Sijilmasa, Zawila: trans-Saharan Trade.

Mgadla, P.T. Department of History, University of Botswana.
Botswana: 19th Century: Pre-Colonial; Colonial Federations: British Central Africa; Khama III; Mozambique: Colonial Period: Resistance and Rebellions; Zimbabwe (Southern Rhodesia): Colonial Period: Land, Tax, Administration.

Miers, Suzanne. Professor Emerita of African History, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio.
Brussels Conference and Act, 1890; Slavery, Colonial Rule and.

Miller, James A. Department of History and Geography, Clemson University, South Carolina.
Berbers: Ancient North Africa; Casablanca; Marrakesh; Morocco: Hassan II, Life and Government of; Sahara: Trans-Saharan Trade.

Mojuetan, M.A. Department of History, University of Ibadan, Nigeria.
Abu Madian, al-Shadhili and the Spread of Sufism in the Maghrib; Morocco: Economy and Society, 19th Century; Morocco: Maraboutic Crisis, Founding of the 'Alawite Dynasty; Morocco: Sa'adians.

Morgan, Kenneth. Department of American Studies and History, Brunel University, England.
Sierra Leone: Origins, 1787-1808; Slavery: Atlantic Trade: Abolition: Philanthropy or Economics?

Moyd, Michelle. History Department, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York.
Language, Colonial State and; Swahili Language.

Mufuka, N. Kenneth. Department of History and Political Science, Lander University, Greenwood, South Carolina.
Great Zimbabwe: Origins and Rise.

Mukhtar, Yakubu. Department of History, University of Maiduguri, Nigeria.
Borno (Bornu), Sultanate of: Saifawa Dynasty: Horses, Slaves, Warfare; Nigeria: Colonial Period: Railways, Mining and Market Production.

Mulindwa, Barbara. Division of History, Staffordshire University, England.
Taxation.

Munslow, Barry. Center for African Studies, University of Liverpool, England.
Angola: Civil War: Impact of, Economic and Social; Angola: Cold War Politics, Civil War, 1975-1994; Angola: Peace Betrayed, 1994 to the Present; Luanda; Maputo; Mondlane, Eduardo; Mozambique: Chissano and, 1986 to the Present; Savimbi, Jonas.

Muriuki, Godfrey. Department of History, University of Nairobi, Kenya.
Kenya: Kenyatta, Jomo: Life and Government of; Thuku, Harry.

† Muzzolini, Alfred.
Garamantes: Early trans-Saharan Trade; Herding, Farming, Origins of: Sahara and Nile Valley; Rock Art, Saharan; Stone Age (Later): Sahara and North Africa.

Nasson, William. Department of Historical Studies, University of Cape Town, South Africa.
South African War, 1899-1902; World War I: Survey.

Nayenga, Peter F. Department of History, St. Cloud State University, Minnesota.
Uganda: Amin Dada, Idi: Coup and Regime, 1971-1979.

Ndege, George. Department of History, St. Louis University, Missouri.
Colonialism, Inheritance of: Postcolonial Africa; Ethnicity, Tribalism: Colonial Experience; Kenya: Independence to the Present; Labor, Migrant; Political Identity.

Nelson, Samuel H. Dept. of History, United States Naval Academy, Annapolis, Maryland.
Concessionary Companies; Congo (Kinshasa), Democratic Republic of/Zaire: Congo Free State, 1885-1908; Epidemics: Malaria, AIDS, other Disease: Postcolonial Africa.

Newitt, Malyn. Department of Portuguese and Brazilian Studies, King's College, England.
Comoros / Mayotte: 19th Century to 1975; Comoros/ Mayotte: Independence to the Present; Comoros: Before 1800; Sena, Tete, Portuguese and Prazos.

Ngalamulume, Kalala. Department of History, Bryn Mawr College, Pennsylvania.
Health: medicine, disease and public Health: Colonial; Makenye Kalemba; Stanley, Leopold II, Scramble.

Ngoh, Victor J. Department of History, University of Buea, Cameroon.
Cameroon: Colonial Period: German rule (Kamerun).

Ngolet, François. Department of History, College of Staten Island, New York.
Gabon: 19th Century: Pre-colonial; Gabon: Colonial Period: Administration, Labor, Economy; Libreville; Resettlement of Re-Captives: Freetown, Libreville, Liberia, Freretown, Zanzibar.

Ngwa, C.A. Department of History, University of Nigeria.
Cameroon: Colonial Period: British and French Rule.

Niane, Djibril Tamsir.
Juula/Dyula; Mali Empire: Decline, 15th Century.

Njoku, Onwuka N. Department of History, University of Nigeria.
Nigeria: Agriculture, Irrigation, Rural Development; Nigeria: Industry, Oil, Economy; Nigeria: World War II; Royal Niger Company, 1886-1898; Slavery: Trans-Saharan Trade.

Nwaubani, Chidiebere. Department of History, University of Colorado, Boulder.
Egypt: Muhammad Ali, 1805-1849: Imperial Expansion; Egypt: Muhammad Ali, 1805-1849: State and Economy; Sudan: Mahdist State, 1881-1898.

Nyeko, Balam. Department of History, University of Swaziland.
Obote, Milton; Swaziland: Concessions, Annexation, 1880-1902; Swaziland: Kingship, Constitution, Independence; Uganda: Conflict, Regional Since 1990; Uganda: Obote: Second Regime, 1980-1985; Uganda: Obote's First Regime, 1962-1971; Uganda: Tanzanian Invasion, 1979-1980.

Obi-Ani, Paul O. Department of History, University of Nigeria.
Nigeria: Biafran Secession and Civil War, 1967-1970.

Obiyo Mbanaso Njemanze, Paul. History Department, University of Lagos, Nigeria.
Environment, Conservation, Development: Postcolonial Africa; Multinationals and the State; Slavery, Abolition of: East and West Africa.

Obudho, R. A. Centre for Urban Research, University of Nairobi, Kenya.
Urbanization, Housing and Employment.

Ochwada, Hannington.
Corruption and the Criminalization of the Postcolonial State.

Ofcansky, Thomas.
Kenya: World War I, Carrier Corps; Somalia: Hassan, Muhammad Abdile, and Resistance to Colonial Conquest; Tanganyika (Tanzania): World War I.

Ogbogbo, C. W. N. Department of History, University of Ibadan, Nigeria.
Abuja; Monrovia; Songhay Empire: Moroccan Invasion, 1591.

Ogunsiji, Ayo. Department of English, University of Ibadan, Nigeria.
Soyinka, Wole K.

Ojok, Filda. Department of History, Institute of Teacher Education, Kyambogo, Uganda.
Kakungulu and the Creation of Uganda; Luwum, Janani; Uganda: Colonial Period: Administration, Economy.

Okeny, Kenneth. Department of History, Salem State College, Massachusetts.
Sudan: Civil war, Independence, Military Rule, 1955-1964; Sudan: Condominium Period: Administration, Legacy in South; Sudan: Turco-Egyptian Period, 1820-1885.

Okia, Opolot. Department of History, University of Tennessee.
Slavery: Atlantic Trade: Effects in Africa and the Americas; Uganda: National Resistance Movement (NRM) and the winning of political power.

Oliver, Roland. Professor Emeritus, School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London.
Johnston, Harry H.

Olukoju, Ayodeji. Department of History, University of Lagos, Nigeria.
Currencies and Banking; Nigeria: Colonial Period: Christianity and Islam.

Oluwatoki, Jamiu A. Department of History, Lagos State University.
Egypt: In Arab Empire (640-850).

Ombongi, Kenneth Samson. Department of History, Nairobi University, Kenya.
Kenya: 19th Century: Pre-Colonial.

Orwin, Caroline. Independent scholar, UK.
Adal: Ibrahim, Ahmad ibn, Conflict with Ethiopia, 1526-1543; Ethiopia: Muslim States, Awash Valley: Shoa, Ifat, Fatagar, Hadya, Dawaro, Adal, 9th to 16th Centuries; Ethiopia: Solomonid Dynasty, 1270-c.1550.

Owusu-Ansah, David. Department of History, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Virginia.
Ghana (Republic of) (Gold Coast): Guggisberg Administration, 1919-1927; Ghana, Republic of: Coups d'étât, Second Republic, 1966-1972.

Papini, Robert. Former Research Officer, KwaMuhle Museum, City of Durban Local History Museums, South Africa.
Ethiopianism and the Independent Church Movement; Humankind: Hominids, Early: Origins of; Olduwan and Acheulian: Early Stone Age.

Parpart, Jane L. Department of International Development Studies, Dalhousie University, Nova Scotia, Canada.
Bulawayo.

Parsons, Neil. Department of History, University of Botswana.
Khama, Seretse.

Parsons, Timothy. African and Afro-American Studies Program and Department of History, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri.
Malawi (Nyasaland): Colonial Period: Land, Labor and Taxation; Soldiers, African: Overseas.

Pearce, Robert. Department of History, University College of St Martin, England.
Azikiwe, Nnamdi; Nigeria: Colonial Period: Intelligentsia, Nationalism, Independence.

Percox, David A. Researcher and writer.
Kenya: Nationalism, Independence.

Perkins, Kenneth. Department of History, University of South Carolina.
Aghlabid Amirate of Ifriqiya (800-909); Arab Bedouin: Banu Hilal, Banu Sulaym, Banu Ma'qil (11th to 15th centuries); Fatimid Empire: Maghrib, 910-1057; Qayrawan; Tunis; Tunisia: Bourguiba, Presidency of: Economic and Social Change; Tunisia: Bourguiba, Presidency of: Government and Opposition; Tunisia: French Protectorate,1878-1900; Tunisia: Immigration and Colonization, 1881-1950; Tunisia: Modern International Relations; Tunisia: Nationalism, Growth of, 1881-1938; Tunisia: Neo-Destour and Independence, 1934-1956.

Petit, Pierre. FNRS (Belgian National Funds for Scientific Research) and Free University of Brussels, Belgium.
Congo (Kinshasa), Democratic Republic of/ Zaire: 19th Century: Pre-Colonial; Luba: 17th and 18th Centuries; Msiri: Yeke Kingdom.

Phillips, Jacke. McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research, University of Cambridge, England.
Egypt, Ancient: New Kingdom and the Colonization of Nubia; Egypt, Ancient: Pre-dynastic Egypt and Nubia: Historical Outline; Egypt, Ancient: Unification of Upper and Lower: Historical Outline; Egyptology, from Herodotus to 20th Century; Kerma and Egyptian Nubia.

Phillipson, David W. Cambridge University Museum of Archaeology & Anthropology, England.
Aksum, Kingdom of; Iron Age and Neolithic: West Africa; Neolithic, Pastoral: Eastern Africa; Stone Age, Middle: Cultures

Phiri, B.J. Department of History, University of Zambia.
Asians: East Africa; Gore-Browne, Stewart; Lozi Kingdom and the Kololo; Lusaka; Nkumbula, Harry Mwaanga; Tonga, Ila and Cattle; Zambia (Northern Rhodesia): British Occupation, Resistance: 1890s; Zambia (Northern Rhodesia): Colonial Period: Administration, Economy; Zambia (Northern Rhodesia): Federation, 1953-1963; Zambia: Early 19th Century: Survey; Zambia: Long-Distance Trade, 19th Century; Zambia: Nationalism, Independence; Zambia: Ngoni Incursion from the South.

Phiri, Government Christopher. Department of Economic History, University of Zimbabwe.
Harare.

Pikirayi, Innocent. Department of History, University of Zimbabwe.
Manyika of Eastern Zimbabwe; Mutapa State, 1450-1884; Torwa, Changamire Dombo and the Rovzi.

Pirie, Gordon H. University of Salford, England.
Transportation: Postcolonial Africa.

Pouwels, Randall. Department of History, University of Central Arkansas.
Islam: Eastern Africa; Kenya: Islam; Zanzibar: BuSaidi Sultanate in East Africa.

Pwiti, Gilbert. Department of History, University of Zimbabwe.
Iron Age (Later): Southern Africa: Characteristics and Origins, South of Zambezi.

Rajaonah, Faranirina V.
Antananarivo; Madagascar: Democracy, Development, 1990s; Madagascar: Independence to 1972; Madagascar: Reconciliation, Reform and Independence, 1948-1960; Madagascar: Reform and Revolution, 1972-1989.

Rasmussen, Susan J. Department of Anthropology, University of Houston.
Air, Sultanate of; Sahara: Peoples of the Desert; Tuareg: Takedda and trans-Saharan trade; Tuareg: Traders, Raiders and the empires of Mali and Songhay.

Reid, D.A.M. Institute of Archaeology, University College London, England.
Great Lakes Region: Cattle Herding; Great Lakes Region: Karagwe, Nkore and Buhaya; Great Lakes Region: Ntusi, Kibiro and Bigo.

Reid, Richard J. Department of History, Durham University, England.
Eastern Africa; Ethiopia: Shoan Plateau,15th and 16th Centuries; Ethiopia: Zagwe Dynasty, 1150-1270.

Reynolds, Edward. Department of History, University of California, San Diego.
All-African People's Conference, 1958; Ghana (Republic of): 1800-74; Ghana, Republic of: Achaempong regime to Third Republic, 1972-81; Gold: Production and Trade: West Africa; Portugal: Exploration and Trade in the Fifteenth Century.

Robinson, W. Frank. Department of History, Vanderbilt University, Tennessee.
Nujoma, Sam.

Rockel, Stephen. Department of Humanities (History), University of Toronto at Scarborough.
Tanganyika (Tanzania): Early 19th Century; Tanganyika (Tanzania): Nyamwezi and Long-Distance Trade.

Rodriguez-Manas, Francisco.
'Abd Allah ibn Yasin: Almoravid: Sahara; 'Abd al-Mu'min: Almohad Empire, 1140-1269; Ibn Tumart, Almohad Community and; Yusuf ibn Tashfin: Almoravid Empire: Maghrib: 1070-1147.

Ross, Andrew. School of Divinity, University of Edinburgh, Scotland.
Livingstone, David; Malawi (Nyasaland): Colonial Period: Federation; Malawi: Missionaries and Christianity, 19th Century.

Rowe, John A. Professor Emeritus, Department of History, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois.
Kagwa, Apolo.

Rutten, Marcel. African Studies Centre, the Netherlands.
Addis Ababa; Kenya: 19th Century: Pre-Colonial; Tourism: Postcolonial.

Salamone, Frank A. Department of Sociology, Iona College, New Rochelle, New York.
Fulbe/Fulani/Peul: Cattle Pastoralism, Migration, 17th and 18th Centuries; Hausa Polities: Origins, Rise; Hausa Polities: Warfare, Nineteenth Century; Kano; al-Maghili; Religion, History of; Religion: Indigenous Beliefs: sub-Saharan Africa; Rumfa, Muhammad.

Salm, Steven. Department of History, Xavier University, New Orleans, Louisiana.
Alcohol: Popular Culture, Colonial Control; Music: Postcolonial Africa.

Sanders, James.
Angola: Independence and Civil War, 1974-1976; Mandela, Nelson; South Africa: 1994 to the Present.

Sandomirsky, Natalie. Formerly of the Departments of French and African Studies, Southern Connecticut State University.
Benin, Empire: Oba Ewuare, Trade with the Portuguese; Benin, Empire: Origins and Growth of City State; Dahomey: 18th Century; Hamdallahi Caliphate, 1818-1862; Mali (Republic of): Alliances and Wars; Mali, Republic of: Traoré, Moussa, Life and Era of; Niger: 19th Century: Survey; Niger: French Occupation and Resistance; Niger: Independence to Present.

Saucier, Paul Khalil. Department of Sociology and Anthropology, Northeastern University, Boston.
Cape Verde, History of.

Saul, John S. Department of Political Science, York University, Toronto, Canada .
Colonialism, overthrow of: 30 Years War for Southern African Liberation; Mozambique: FRELIMO and War of Liberation, 1962-1975; Mozambique: Machel and FRELIMO, 1975-1986; Namibia: SWAPO and the Freedom Struggle; Socialism: Postcolonial Africa; South Africa: Transition, 1990-1994.

Saunders, Christopher. Department of Historical Studies, University of Cape Town, South Africa.
Cape Liberalism, 19th Century; Madikizela-Mandela, Winnie; Namibia (South West Africa): South African Rule; Namibia: Independence to the Present; Namibia: Struggle for Independence, 1970-1990; Ramphele, Dr. Mamphela Aletta; Soga, Tiyo; South Africa: Africa Policy; South Africa: Anti-Apartheid Struggle: Townships, the 1980s; Toivo ya Toiva.

Scarr, Deryck. Formerly of the Institute of Advanced Studies, Australian National University.
Bourbon, Ile de France, Seychelles: 18th century; Mauritius: Slavery and Slave Society to 1835; Seychelles: Independence, Revolution and Reform, 1960 to Present; Seychelles: 1770 to 1960.

Schmitt, Deborah A. Pikes Peak Community College, Colorado Springs and Metropolitan State College, Denver, Colorado.
Armies, Colonial: Africans in; Botswana: Colonial Period.

Schmitz, Christopher J. Department of Modern History, University of St. Andrews, Scotland.
Johannesburg; Mining, Multinationals and Development.

Schraeder, Peter J. Department of Political Science, Loyola University, Chicago, Illinois.
Democracy: Postcolonial; Francophonie, Africa and the; Nationalism(s): Postcolonial Africa; Political Parties and One-Party States.

Schroeter, Daniel J. Department of History, University of California, Irvine.
Morocco: Sidi Muhammad and Foundations of Essawira.

Schubert, Benedict. Africa Desk, Mission 21, Basel, Switzerland.
Angola: New Colonial Period: Christianity, Missionaries, Independent Churches.

Schuerkens, Ulrike. Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales, Paris, France.
British Togoland.

Schultz, Warren. Department of History, DePaul University, Chicago, Illinois.
Egypt: Mamluk Dynasty (1250-1517): Literature; Egypt: Mamluk Dynasty (1250-1517): Plague.

Searing, James F. Department of African-American Studies, University of Illinois at Chicago.
Senegal: Colonial Period: Economy; Senegal: Colonial Period: Four Communes: Dakar, St Louis, Goré and Rufisque; Wolof and Jolof Empire.

Seibert, Gerhard. Instituto de Investigação Científica Tropical (IICT), Centro de Estudos Africanos e Asiáticos (CEAA), Portugal.
São Tomé and Principe to 1800; São Tomé & Principe, 1800 to present.

Shantz, Jeff. Department of Sociology, York University, Toronto, Canada.
Angola: New Colonial Period: Economics of Colonialism; Cabinda; Sports: Postcolonial Africa.

Shapiro, David. Department of Economics, Pennsylvania State University.
Kinshasa.

Sheldon, Kathleen. Center for the Study of Women, University of California, Los Angeles.
Women: History and Historiography.

Shillington, Kevin (Editor). Independent scholar, London, England.
Kimberley, Diamond Fields and; Museveni, Yoweri Kaguta.

Sichone, Owen. Department of Social Anthropology, University of Cape Town, South Africa.
Lenshina, Alice; Peasant Production, Postcolonial:, Markets and Subsistence; Zambia: Religious Movements.

Simba, Malik. Department of History, California State University, Fresno.
Drama, Film: Postcolonial; Law and the Legal System: Postcolonial Africa.

Simelane, H.S. Department of History, University of Swaziland.
Swaziland: Colonial Period: Land, Labor, Administration; Swaziland: Mswati III, Reign of; Swaziland: Sobhuza II, Life and Government of.

Smith, Andrew B. Department of Archaeology, University of Cape Town, South Africa.
Domestication, Plant and Animal, History of; Neolithic North Africa.

Smith, Benjamin. School of Geography, Archaeology and Environmental Studies, University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa.
Malawi: Colonization and Wars of Resistance, 1889-1904.

Smith, Lawrence. McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research, University of Cambridge, England.
Nubia: Relations with Egypt (7th to 14th centuries).

Smythe, Kathleen. Department of History, Xavier University, Cincinnati, Ohio.
Literacy: Vehicle for Cultural Change; Monophysitism, Coptic Church, 379-640; Religion, Colonial Africa: Indigenous Religion.

Soper, Robert C. Department of History, University of Zimbabwe.
Nyanga Hills.

Spaulding, Jay L. Department of History, Kean University, New Jersey.
Funj Sultanate, 16th to 18th Centuries.

Spear, Thomas T. Department of History, University of Wisconsin-Madison.
Swahil: Azania to 1498.

Senkomago, N. Department of History, Institute of Teacher Education, Kyambogo, Uganda.
Ghana, Empire: History of; Uganda: Colonization, Resistance, Uganda Agreement, 1890-1900.

Stapleton, Timothy. Department of History, Trent University, Ontario, Canada.
Jabavu, John Tengo; Nonqawuse and the Cattle-Killing, 1857; South Africa: Rural Protest and Violence, 1950s; Zimbabwe: 19th Century, Early; Zimbabwe: Conflict and Reconstruction, 1980s; Zimbabwe: Incursions from the South, Ngoni and Ndebele.

Steele, Murray. Former Head of Afro-Asian Studies, Edge Hill College of Higher Education and Honorary Research Fellow, Keele University, England.
Afrikaans and Afrikaner Nationalism, 19th Century; Algeria: Algiers and its Capture, 1815-1830; Algeria: European Population, 1830-1954; Algeria: Government and Administration, 1830-1914; Angola: New Colonial Period: White Immigration, Mestiços, Assimilated Africans; Central African Republic: 1980s and 1990s; Central African Republic: Colonial Period: Oubangui-Chari; Central African Republic: Nationalism, Independence; Equatorial Guinea: Colonial Period, 19th Century; Equatorial Guinea: Independence to the Present; Equiano, Olaudah; Kruger, Paul; Malawi (Nyasaland): Colonial Period: Chilembwe Rising, 1915; Religion, Colonial Africa: Missionaries; Samkange, Rev. D.T.; Schreiner, Olive; South Africa: Afrikaner Nationalism, Broederbond and National Party, 1902-1948; South Africa: Confederation, Disarmament, First Anglo-Boer War, 1871-1881; Tanganyika (Tanzania): Arusha Declaration; Tanganyika (Tanzania): Colonial Period, British: "Indirect Rule"; Tanganyika (Tanzania): Colonial Period, British: Economy; Tanzania (Tanganyika): Democracy and Capitalism: 1990 to the Present; Zambia (Northern Rhodesia): Copperbelt; Zambia (Northern Rhodesia): Mineworkers' Strikes: 1935, 1940; Zimbabwe (Southern Rhodesia): African Political and Trades Union Movements, 1920s and 1930s.

Sundelin, Lennart. Princeton University, New Jersey.
Egypt: Fatimids, Later: World Trade; Egypt: Tulunids and Ikhshidids, 850-969.

Sunseri, Thaddeus. Department of History, Colorado State University.
Tanganyika (Tanzania): German Invasion and Resistance; Tanganyika (Tanzania): German Rule: Land, Labor and Economic Transformation; Tanganyika (Tanzania): Maji Maji Rebellion, 1905-1907.

Tamari, Tal. Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, France.
Literacy and Indigenous Scripts: Precolonial West Africa.

Teelock, Vijaya. University of Mauritius.
Mascerene Islands Prior to the French; Mauritius: Indentured Labor and Society, 1835-1935; Mauritius: Nationalism, Communalism, Independence, 1935-1968; Slavery, Plantation: East Africa and the Islands.

Tesi, Moses K. Department of Political Science, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, Tennessee.
Ahidjo, Ahmadou; Communaute Financière Africaine (CFA); Coups d'étât and Military Rule: Postcolonial Africa; Development, Postcolonial: Central Planning, Private Enterprise, Investment; Oil; Southern African Development Community (SADC).

Tesi, Peterson J. University of Virginia School of Law.
Union Douanière et Economique de L'Afrique Centrale (UDEAC).

Thabane, Motlatsi. Department of History, National University of Lesotho.
Jonathan, Chief Joseph Leabua; Lesotho (Basutoland): Colonization and Cape rule, 1868-84; Lesotho: Independence to the Present; Lesotho: Nationalism and Independence; Mokhehle, Ntsu.

Thornton, John K. Department of History, Millersville University of Pennsylvania.
Angola, 18th Century; Kongo Kingdom, 1543-68; Kongo Kingdom: 17th and 18th Centuries; Kongo Kingdom: Afonso I, Christianity and